Which of the following is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure?

Congestive heart failure.

Metabolic alkalosis.

Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen.

Hypokalemia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: This is the correct choice. Congestive heart failure can occur in chronic renal failure due to fluid overload and the inability of the kidneys to manage fluid balance.
Choice B reason: Metabolic alkalosis is not typically a major complication of chronic renal failure; metabolic acidosis is more common due to the accumulation of acids in the body.
Choice C reason: Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen is not a complication; rather, in renal failure, the kidneys cannot excrete urea nitrogen effectively.
Choice D reason: Hypokalemia (low potassium) can occur, but it is not as major a complication as congestive heart failure in the context of chronic renal failure.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Feeding the toddler is important, but it does not specifically address the development of autonomy or decision-making skills.

Choice B reason: Dressing the toddler is a necessary task, but it does not encourage the child's active participation or independence.

Choice C reason: Offering the toddler a choice of clothing allows the child to make decisions, fostering a sense of control and independence, which is developmentally appropriate and empowering for the toddler.

Choice D reason: Asking the toddler if he would like to take his medicine is a good practice to involve the child in their care, but it is not as impactful on development as offering choices that promote autonomy.

A. Urinary tract infection. B. Emotional trauma. C. Sexual abuse. D. Structural defect of the urinary tract.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is the correct choice. A urinary tract infection is a common cause of urinary incontinence in children and should be evaluated first.
Choice B reason: While emotional trauma can cause changes in behavior, including incontinence, it is not the first complication to be evaluated in this scenario.
Choice C reason: Sexual abuse can result in behavioral changes, but there is no immediate indication of this being the cause without further assessment.
Choice D reason: A structural defect of the urinary tract could cause incontinence, but it is less likely to be the cause of a sudden onset of symptoms compared to a urinary tract infection.

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Which of the following is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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