Which of the following is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure?
Congestive heart failure.
Metabolic alkalosis.
Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen.
Hypokalemia.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: This is the correct choice. Congestive heart failure can occur in chronic renal failure due to fluid overload and the inability of the kidneys to manage fluid balance.
Choice B reason: Metabolic alkalosis is not typically a major complication of chronic renal failure; metabolic acidosis is more common due to the accumulation of acids in the body.
Choice C reason: Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen is not a complication; rather, in renal failure, the kidneys cannot excrete urea nitrogen effectively.
Choice D reason: Hypokalemia (low potassium) can occur, but it is not as major a complication as congestive heart failure in the context of chronic renal failure.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect and could potentially increase feelings of guilt, as a lack of prenatal care is not a known cause of autism.
Choice B reason: This statement is accurate and can help alleviate guilt by explaining that autism is not caused by something the parents did or did not do.
Choice C reason: While it's true that parents without genetic testing could not have known, this statement does not address the feelings of guilt regarding causation.
Choice D reason: This statement is misleading because autism is not considered rare, and siblings can have an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders. It does not provide accurate information or address the parents' feelings of guilt.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: While distraction can be helpful, it may not be sufficient to reduce the pain of a needle stick for a 2-year-old.
Choice B reason: The vibrating device may distract from the pain, but it does not provide actual analgesia.
Choice C reason: Intravenous sedation is not practical or safe for daily blood draws in a 2-year-old.
Choice D reason: This is the correct choice. EMLA cream is a topical anesthetic that can effectively numb the skin and reduce pain from needle sticks.
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