Which of the following is a characteristic of the manic stage of bipolar disorder?

Slow and sluggish movements

Feelings of extreme sadness and hopelessness

Increased energy and activity levels

Loss of appetite and weight loss

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   During depressive episodes, individuals often experience psychomotor retardation, which can manifest as slow and sluggish movements. In contrast, the manic stage is marked by heightened energy and activity levels.
B.   Feelings of extreme sadness and hopelessness are characteristic of the depressive stage of bipolar disorder. During manic episodes, individuals typically experience elevated mood, which might be euphoric, irritable, or excessively optimistic, rather than feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
C.   This is a hallmark of the manic stage of bipolar disorder. During a manic episode, individuals often have significantly increased energy levels, engage in numerous activities, and may exhibit restlessness.
This heightened activity can include impulsive or risky behaviors, excessive talking, and a reduced need for sleep.
D.   Loss of appetite and weight loss are more commonly seen during depressive episodes of bipolar disorder. During manic episodes, individuals might experience an increased appetite or engage in disinhibited eating behaviors, which contrasts with the decreased appetite often observed in depressive stages.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Assault is the threat of bodily harm. While using restraints might cause fear, it doesn't involve a threat of immediate harm.
B. This involves the unjustified restriction of a person's freedom of movement. Using restraints to prevent wandering when less restrictive measures haven't been exhausted might constitute false imprisonment.
C. Negligence is the failure to provide reasonable care. While using restraints inappropriately could be considered negligence, it's not the primary legal issue in this case.
D. Defamation involves damaging someone's reputation. This is not relevant to the situation.

A. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid. B. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus. C. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain. D. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Drilling holes in the skull to drain fluid is more aligned with procedures for treating conditions like hydrocephalus (accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain) rather than a lobotomy. A lobotomy involves more invasive alterations to brain tissue.
B. In a prefrontal lobotomy, the surgeon would sever the connections between the frontal lobes and other parts of the brain, including the thalamus, to disrupt neural pathways. This was done in an attempt to alter behavior and mood. The procedure aimed to modify the function of the frontal lobes to reduce symptoms of severe mental disorders, but it often had significant and detrimental side effects.
C. This description refers to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), not a lobotomy. ECT involves applying electrical currents to the brain to induce controlled seizures and is used to treat severe depression and other mental health conditions. It is different from the surgical approach of a lobotomy.
D. This description does not accurately describe a lobotomy. The lobotomy procedure involved cutting or damaging brain tissue rather than inserting implants. The insertion of implants into the brain is not characteristic of lobotomy and is not a common practice in the historical context of this procedure.

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Which of the following is a characteristic of the manic stage of bipolar disorder?

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

In the early 20th century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors. Which descriptions procedure is accurate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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