Which of the following explanations should the nurse include when teaching parents why it is difficult to diagnose a child or adolescent exhibiting symptoms of bipolar disorder? Select all that apply.

Children are naturally active, energetic, and spontaneous.

The diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder cannot be assigned prior to the age of 18.

Symptoms of bipolar disorder are similar to those of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Neurotransmitter levels vary considerably in accordance with age.

Genetic predisposition is not a reliable diagnostic determinant.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

Choice A reason: Children's natural activity levels and spontaneity can mimic the hyperactivity of bipolar mania, making it challenging to differentiate between typical behavior and symptoms of a mood disorder.

Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect; bipolar disorder can be diagnosed before the age of 18. Early-onset bipolar disorder is recognized and can be diagnosed in children and adolescents.

Choice C reason: ADHD and bipolar disorder share common symptoms such as impulsivity and inattention, which can complicate the differential diagnosis, especially in younger populations.

Choice D reason: Neurotransmitter levels do indeed vary with age, which can affect mood and behavior, thereby complicating the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in young individuals.

Choice E reason: While genetic predisposition plays a role in bipolar disorder, it alone is not a definitive diagnostic determinant due to the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Sleeping 12 hours or more each day can be a response to various stressors, but it is not a specific or expected finding in PTSD.

Choice B reason: A constant need to talk about the event may be part of the processing of trauma, but it is not an expected finding as many individuals with PTSD may avoid discussing the traumatic event.

Choice C reason: An increasing sense of attachment to others is not typically associated with PTSD, as individuals may instead experience detachment or estrangement from others.

Choice D reason: Increasing feelings of anger are common in individuals with PTSD as they may have difficulty controlling anger and may be easily irritated.

A. Acrophobia, a natural environment type of phobia B. Aquaphobia, a situational type of phobia C. Acrophobia, a situational type of phobia D. Aquaphobia, a natural environment type of phobia

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Acrophobia is the fear of heights, not water, and is considered a natural environment type of phobia.

Choice B reason: Aquaphobia is indeed the fear of water, but it is classified as a natural environment type of phobia, not situational.

Choice C reason: Acrophobia is incorrectly associated here; it is the fear of heights and not related to water.

Choice D reason: Aquaphobia is the correct term for an excessive fear of water, and it is identified as a natural environment type of phobia.

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Which of the following explanations should the nurse include when teaching parents why it is difficult to diagnose a child or adolescent exhibiting symptoms of bipolar disorder? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a sexual assault. Which of the following is an expected finding?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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