Which of the following are true about precocious puberty? (Select all that apply, some, one, or none)
May be idopathic
Peripheral precocious puberty is independent of gonadotropin release from the pituitary gland
Central precocious puberty is caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis
It is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys
Tall stature during childhood is a common feature, but final adult height may be shorter than expected without treatment
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E
A. May be idiopathic: In many cases, especially central precocious puberty, no identifiable underlying cause is found. This is referred to as idiopathic precocious puberty and is a common diagnosis, particularly in girls.
B. Peripheral precocious puberty is independent of gonadotropin release from the pituitary gland: Peripheral (or gonadotropin-independent) precocious puberty occurs due to hormone secretion from sources other than the pituitary, such as adrenal tumors or ovarian cysts.
C. Central precocious puberty is caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis: This is the most common form and involves early activation of the normal puberty pathway via the HPG axis.
D. It is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys: This is the widely accepted medical definition of precocious puberty based on chronological age for the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.
E. Tall stature during childhood is a common feature, but final adult height may be shorter than expected without treatment: Early growth spurts can lead to early closure of growth plates, resulting in reduced adult height if untreated.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. This option incorrectly matches the terms: cholelithiasis refers to gallstones, not stones in the common bile duct; cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, not the common bile duct; choledocholithiasis refers to stones in the common bile duct, not inflammation.
B. This option reverses definitions: cholangitis is inflammation of the common bile duct, not gallstones; cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, not stones in the common bile duct; choledocholithiasis refers to stones in the common bile duct, not inflammation.
C. This option mislabels choledocholithiasis as inflammation of the common bile duct, but it actually refers to stones in the common bile duct; cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, not stones in the common bile duct; cholangitis is inflammation of the common bile duct, not the gallbladder.
D. This option correctly matches the terms: cholelithiasis means gallstones; choledocholithiasis refers to stones in the common bile duct; cholangitis is inflammation of the common bile duct; cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Glomerulonephritis: This is an immune-mediated condition involving inflammation of the glomeruli and typically presents with proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and edema rather than urinary frequency, burning, or foul-smelling urine. The presence of E. coli and leukocytes does not support this diagnosis.
B. Kidney calculi: Kidney stones may present with flank pain, hematuria, and sometimes nausea or vomiting, but are not usually associated with urinary frequency, burning, or bacterial growth on urine culture. Randi’s symptoms point more toward an infectious etiology rather than a structural obstruction.
C. Lower UTI: cystitis (bladder infection) and possibly lower ureters: The burning, itching, frequent urination, and foul smell are classic signs of cystitis. The absence of flank pain and only a slightly elevated temperature further supports a lower tract infection rather than an upper one.
D. Upper UTI (pyelonephritis): Pyelonephritis typically presents with fever over 101°F, chills, nausea, vomiting, and significant costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness or back/flank pain. Since Randi denies back pain and has only a mild temperature elevation, an upper UTI is unlikely.
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