Which of the following are NOT typical signs and symptoms of pericarditis? (Select-all-that-apply)
(Select All that Apply.)
Fever
Mild chest pain
No evidence of fatigue
Myalgias
Pericardial friction rub
Radiating substernal pain felt in the left shoulder
Correct Answer : C,F
A. Fever: Fever is a common sign of pericarditis, often indicating inflammation or infection in the pericardial sac. This symptom is typical in patients with this condition.
B. Mild chest pain: Mild chest pain is a typical symptom of pericarditis. Patients often experience sharp, pleuritic chest pain that may worsen with inspiration or coughing.
C. No evidence of fatigue: Fatigue can be a common symptom in patients with pericarditis due to the body's response to inflammation. Therefore, the absence of fatigue is not typical, making this an appropriate choice.
D. Myalgias: Myalgias or muscle aches can occur in pericarditis as part of the systemic inflammatory response. This symptom is not unusual in patients with this condition.
E. Pericardial friction rub: A pericardial friction rub is a characteristic finding in pericarditis, heard during auscultation. It results from the movement of inflamed pericardial layers against each other.
F. Radiating substernal pain felt in the left shoulder: This type of radiating pain is more characteristic of myocardial ischemia or angina rather than pericarditis. While pericarditis can cause chest pain, it does not typically radiate in the same manner as that seen in cardiac conditions, making this an appropriate choice.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Vernelli's triad; Venous stasis; Hypercoagulable states; Venous intimal damage: Vernelli's triad is not a recognized term in thrombus formation. Venous stasis, hypercoagulable states, and venous intimal damage are relevant factors, but the correct terminology is Virchow's triad.
B. Vernelli's triad: Hyperlipidemia; hypercoagulable states, venous stasis: This option inaccurately references Vernelli's triad and includes hyperlipidemia, which is not one of the classic factors associated with thrombus formation. The correct factors should be named according to Virchow's triad.
C. Virchow's triad; Hyperlipidemia, Hypercoagulable states, positive D-dimer: Although Virchow's triad is correctly identified, hyperlipidemia and positive D-dimer are not part of the classic factors involved in thrombus formation. The classic factors are venous stasis, hypercoagulable states, and venous intimal damage.
D. Virchow triad; Venous stasis; Venous intimal damage; Hypercoagulable states: This option accurately identifies Virchow's triad and lists the three key factors involved in thrombus formation: venous stasis, venous intimal damage, and hypercoagulable states.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Atherosclerotic lesion: An atherosclerotic lesion can lead to reduced blood flow to the myocardium, but it is not the direct trigger for angina pectoris. Rather, it is a contributing factor to the development of conditions that cause angina.
B. Myocardial necrosis: Myocardial necrosis refers to irreversible cell damage due to prolonged ischemia, such as in a myocardial infarction. This is not a trigger for angina pectoris but rather a consequence of severe and prolonged ischemia.
C. Myocardial ischemia: Myocardial ischemia is the primary trigger for angina pectoris. It occurs when there is an imbalance between the oxygen supply and demand in the heart muscle, typically due to narrowed coronary arteries. This insufficient blood flow results in chest pain or discomfort characteristic of angina.
D. Hyperlipidemia: Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease but does not directly trigger angina pectoris. It contributes to the underlying processes that lead to myocardial ischemia.
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