What have you learned about ventilation?

Hypoventilation causes hypocapnia

Hypoventilation causes alkalosis

Hyperventilation causes acidosis

Hyperventilation causes hypocapnia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hypoventilation causes hypocapnia: Hypoventilation leads to inadequate removal of carbon dioxide (CO₂), resulting in hypercapnia rather than hypocapnia. This occurs because decreased ventilation reduces gas exchange efficiency, allowing CO₂ to accumulate in the blood, which can cause respiratory acidosis.

B. Hypoventilation causes alkalosis: Hypoventilation leads to respiratory acidosis rather than alkalosis. When ventilation is insufficient, CO₂ builds up in the bloodstream, leading to an increase in hydrogen ion concentration and a subsequent drop in blood pH. This is commonly seen in conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuromuscular disorders, and opioid overdose.

C. Hyperventilation causes acidosis: Hyperventilation results in excessive elimination of CO₂, leading to a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration and an increase in blood pH, causing respiratory alkalosis rather than acidosis. Acidosis occurs when CO₂ retention leads to an increase in hydrogen ion concentration, which is the opposite of what happens with hyperventilation.

D. Hyperventilation causes hypocapnia: Hyperventilation leads to an excessive exhalation of CO₂, causing a reduction in blood CO₂ levels (hypocapnia). This can result in respiratory alkalosis, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, tingling sensations, and even syncope. It is often seen in conditions like anxiety, panic attacks, fever, or high-altitude exposure.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Dilated: Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by an enlarged heart with decreased contractility and thinning of the ventricular walls. It does not involve disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum.

B. Dystrophic: Dystrophic cardiomyopathy refers to muscle degeneration due to underlying muscular dystrophies. It does not specifically describe the thickening of the interventricular septum and is not a primary classification of cardiomyopathy.

C. Hypertrophic: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is marked by a disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum, leading to impaired diastolic filling and potential obstruction of blood flow out of the left ventricle. This characteristic thickening is a hallmark of this condition.

D. Restrictive: Restrictive cardiomyopathy involves stiffening of the heart muscle, which impairs filling during diastole but does not specifically feature disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum. Instead, it may present with normal or slightly thickened walls but with decreased compliance.

A. Percutaneous coronary intervention B. Sudden death C. Dysrhythmias D. Congestive hearts failure

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Percutaneous coronary intervention: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a treatment used to open blocked coronary arteries during a myocardial infarction but is not a complication of the event itself. It is a therapeutic procedure aimed at restoring blood flow and is not a direct consequence of myocardial infarction.

B. Sudden death: Sudden death can occur as a complication of myocardial infarction due to severe dysrhythmias or cardiac arrest resulting from electrical instability in the heart. This complication is critical and can occur shortly after the onset of an MI or during recovery.

C. Dysrhythmias: Dysrhythmias are common complications following myocardial infarction, often arising from ischemic damage to the heart muscle, which disrupts the normal electrical conduction pathways. These irregular heartbeats can range from benign to life-threatening.

D. Congestive heart failure: Congestive heart failure can develop as a complication of myocardial infarction due to the loss of functional cardiac muscle, resulting in decreased cardiac output and the heart's inability to pump effectively. This complication can develop acutely or progressively over time following an MI.

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What have you learned about ventilation?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum is the hallmark of which form of cardiomyopathy?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

What are the most common complications of myocardial infarction? (Select all that apply) (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

Which clinical manifestations would you assess for in a painter with pulmonary hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)

Primary hypertension:

Which of the following patients who presented to a walk-in medical clinic is most likely to be diagnosed wtih a rhinosinusitis rather than a common cold?

A patient arrives in the ED after an automobile accident. Which of the following clinical manifestations leads the nurse to suspect a pneumothorax? (Select all that apply) (Select All that Apply.)

A patient has pulmonary edema. For what condition should the healthcare professional assess the patient as the priority?

Thinking about aneurysms and atherosclerosis, what effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm?

Which long-term resident is most likely to be exhibiting the signs and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?