A person wishes to reduce the risk of developing coronary artery disease. This person has normal lipid panel. What risk factor reduction would the healthcare professional advise for this person?

Controlling the blood pressure

Moderate alcohol use

Eating a low fat diet

Avoiding air pollution

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Controlling the blood pressure: Controlling blood pressure is crucial for reducing the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). Even with a normal lipid panel, hypertension can significantly contribute to cardiovascular risk, and managing blood pressure helps protect against the development of CAD.

B. Moderate alcohol use: While moderate alcohol consumption may have some potential benefits for heart health, it is not a primary risk factor reduction strategy. The focus should be on more impactful lifestyle changes, particularly for individuals with normal lipid levels.

C. Eating a low-fat diet: Although a balanced diet is important for overall health, a low-fat diet specifically is not necessary for everyone, especially those with normal lipid levels. The emphasis should be on a heart-healthy diet that includes healthy fats, such as those from fish, nuts, and olive oil, rather than simply reducing fat intake.

D. Avoiding air pollution: Avoiding air pollution can have health benefits, but it is not a primary strategy for individuals seeking to reduce the risk of CAD. Addressing more direct risk factors, such as blood pressure management, is more critical in this context.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Cardiac failure: While cardiac failure can lead to changes in heart function, it does not directly cause an acquired murmur. Murmurs are typically due to valvular or structural abnormalities rather than being a direct consequence of heart failure.

B. Coronary artery disease (CAD): CAD can lead to ischemic heart disease and may contribute to heart failure but is not typically associated with the development of an acquired murmur. It does not directly create new murmurs; rather, it can exacerbate existing heart conditions.

C. Congenital malformation: Congenital malformations are structural heart defects present at birth and are classified as congenital causes of murmurs rather than acquired. These murmurs result from anatomical abnormalities rather than changes occurring after birth.

D. Rheumatic fever: Rheumatic fever is an acquired condition that can cause damage to the heart valves, leading to the development of valvular insufficiency or stenosis. These changes can produce an acquired murmur as a result of the inflammation and scarring of the heart valves following the infection.

A. Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima B. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall C. It increases nitric oxide D. It obstructs the vessel

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima: While atherosclerosis can affect the intima (the inner layer of the blood vessel), it primarily leads to plaque formation and vessel wall changes rather than causing ischemia directly in the intima. Ischemia typically refers to reduced blood supply to tissues.

B. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall: Atherosclerosis leads to the formation of plaques that can erode and weaken the vessel wall over time. This weakening can create areas of localized dilation, leading to the development of aneurysms. The disruption of the structural integrity of the vessel wall due to atherosclerosis is a key factor in the formation of aneurysms.

C. It increases nitric oxide: Atherosclerosis is associated with impaired endothelial function, which typically results in reduced production of nitric oxide rather than an increase. Nitric oxide is a vasodilator that helps maintain vascular health, and its decrease contributes to vascular dysfunction.

D. It obstructs the vessel: While atherosclerosis can lead to vascular obstruction through plaque buildup, the direct relationship between atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation is more about the weakening and erosion of the vessel wall rather than simply obstructing it. Obstruction can lead to ischemia, but it is not the primary mechanism leading to aneurysm development.

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A person wishes to reduce the risk of developing coronary artery disease. This person has normal lipid panel. What risk factor reduction would the healthcare professional advise for this person?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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