Which method are for administering drugs by parenteral routes? (Select all that apply.)

Subcutaneous

Intramuscular

Via a nasogastric tube

Intradermal

Intravenous

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A) Subcutaneous:
The subcutaneous route involves administering medication into the layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the skin. This method is used for drugs that require slower absorption, such as insulin or certain vaccines.

B) Intramuscular:
The intramuscular route involves injecting medication directly into a muscle. This allows for faster absorption compared to subcutaneous injections, making it ideal for drugs that need to be absorbed quickly, such as vaccines or certain antibiotics.

C) Via a nasogastric tube:
Administering drugs via a nasogastric tube is not considered a parenteral route. The nasogastric (NG) tube delivers medications directly into the stomach via the gastrointestinal tract, which is not part of the parenteral system. Parenteral routes are those that bypass the digestive system, like injections.

D) Intradermal:
The intradermal route involves injecting medication just under the skin, in the dermis. This is typically used for allergy testing or tuberculosis screenings. It is a parenteral route because it bypasses the digestive system.

E) Intravenous:
The intravenous route involves injecting medication directly into a vein, offering rapid absorption and fast onset of action. This method is ideal for critical or emergency situations where immediate medication effects are necessary.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

1. Convert patient weight from pounds to kilograms:

Patient weight (kg) = 152 lb x 0.453592 kg/lb = 68.94 kg

2. Calculate the desired dose in mcg/min:

Desired dose (mcg/min) = 5 mcg/kg/min x 68.94 kg = 344.7 mcg/min

3. Convert mcg/min to mg/min:

Desired dose (mg/min) = 344.7 mcg/min / 1000 mcg/mg = 0.3447 mg/min

4. Calculate the concentration of dobutamine in the solution:

Concentration (mg/mL) = 500 mg / 250 mL = 2 mg/mL

5. Calculate the flow rate in mL/min:

Flow rate (mL/min) = Desired dose (mg/min) / Concentration (mg/mL)

Flow rate (mL/min) = 0.3447 mg/min / 2 mg/mL = 0.17235 mL/min

6. Calculate the flow rate in mL/hr:

Flow rate (mL/hr) = 0.17235 mL/min x 60 min/hr = 10.341 mL/hr

7. Round to the nearest tenth:

Flow rate (mL/hr) = 10.3 mL/hr

Therefore, the correct answer is 10.4 mL/hr

A. Diazepam B. Phenobarbital C. Valproic acid D. Phenytoin

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Diazepam
Diazepam (a benzodiazepine) is the first-line treatment for status epilepticus, especially in emergency situations. It works by quickly calming overactive electrical activity in the brain and can be administered intravenously for rapid effect. Diazepam is commonly given as an initial treatment due to its fast onset of action in stopping seizures.

B) Phenobarbital
Phenobarbital is an anticonvulsant that can also be used for seizures, but it is typically used in cases where seizures persist after initial treatment, or as a long-term maintenance therapy. It is not the first-line drug for status epilepticus and is typically administered after other options like diazepam have been tried.

C) Valproic acid
Valproic acid is an anticonvulsant used for chronic seizure management (like for generalized seizures and some focal seizures), but it is not typically used as the immediate treatment in status epilepticus. It may be used in the long-term management or when other drugs fail, but diazepam or lorazepam are preferred for immediate control of seizures.

D) Phenytoin
Phenytoin is another commonly used anticonvulsant, but it has a slower onset of action compared to benzodiazepines like diazepam. While phenytoin is often used for long-term seizure prevention, it is not the most immediate choice in an emergency setting. After initial seizure control with a benzodiazepine, phenytoin may be given for continued seizure prevention.

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Which method are for administering drugs by parenteral routes? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Order: dobutamine 5 mcg/kg/min Patient's weight: 152 lb Available: dobutamine 500 mg in 250 mL D5W What is the flow rate in ml/hr? (Round to the nearest tenths)

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient is experiencing status epileptics. The nurse anticipates immediate administration of which drug?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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