Which laboratory results should the nurse closely monitor in a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD.?

Blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature.

Leukocytes, neutrophils, and thyroxine.

Serum potassium, calcium, and phosphorus.

Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice C is correct because serum potassium, calcium, and phosphorus are electrolytes that can be affected by ESRD. ESRD is a condition in which the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood. This can cause electrolyte imbalances that can lead to serious complications, such as cardiac arrhythmias, bone disorders, or metabolic acidosis. The nurse should closely monitor these electrolytes and report any abnormal values.

Choice A is incorrect because blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature are vital signs that are not specific to ESRD. Vital signs can be influenced by many factors and may not reflect the severity of kidney damage. The nurse should monitor vital signs regularly, but not as closely as electrolytes.

Choice B is incorrect because leukocytes, neutrophils, and thyroxine are not laboratory results that are directly related to ESRD. Leukocytes and neutrophils are types of white blood cells that are involved in immune response and inflammation. Thyroxine is a hormone that regulates metabolism and growth. These laboratory results may be altered by other conditions or medications, but not by ESRD.

Choice D is incorrect because erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit are laboratory results that measure the red blood cell count and oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. These laboratory results may be decreased in ESRD due to anemia, which is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. However, anemia is not as life-threatening as electrolyte imbalances and can be treated with erythropoietin injections or iron supplements.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Marking an outline of the "olive-shaped" mass in the right epigastric area is not a priority nursing action. The mass is caused by hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter, which obstructs gastric emptying and causes projectile vomiting. The mass may not be palpable in all cases.

Choice B reason: Instructing parents regarding care of the incisional area is a post-operative nursing action, not a pre-operative one. The parents will need to learn how to keep the incision clean and dry, monitor for signs of infection, and administer pain medication as prescribed.

Choice C reason: Monitoring amount of intake and infant's response to feedings is important, but not the highest priority. The infant may have difficulty feeding due to nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

A. Center attention on positive upbeat music. B. Find outlets for more social interaction. C. Practice using muscle relaxation techniques. D. Think about reasons the episodes occur.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A: Centering attention on positive upbeat music is not a specific instruction for the nurse to include, as this is a general coping strategy that may or may not be helpful for this client. This is a distractor choice.

Choice B: Finding outlets for more social interaction is not a relevant instruction for the nurse to include, as this may not address the underlying causes of anxiety or stress for this client. This is another distractor choice.

Choice C: Practicing using muscle relaxation techniques is an appropriate instruction for the nurse to include, as this can help reduce physical tension and promote calmness and relaxation for this client. Therefore, this is the correct choice.

Choice D: Thinking about reasons the episodes occur is not a helpful instruction for the nurse to include, as this can increase rumination and anxiety for this client. This is another distractor choice.

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Which laboratory results should the nurse closely monitor in a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD.?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 6-week-old infant with pyloric stenosis is scheduled for a pyloromyotomy. Which pre-operative nursing action has the highest priority?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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