Which formula should be used to calculate a prevalence rate?
Number of new cases + number of old cases in a period of time / the total population x base multiple of 10
Number of true positives / number of true positives + number of false negatives
Number of true negatives / number of true negatives + number of false positives
Number of new cases in a period of time / total population x base multiple of 10
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Prevalence measures all cases (new and existing) of a disease in a population at a given time. This formula captures total burden, like diabetes cases, divided by population, adjusted by a base (e.g., 1000), reflecting overall disease presence accurately.
Choice B reason: This formula calculates sensitivity, not prevalence. It’s used in diagnostics to assess true positive rates for diseases like cancer against missed cases, focusing on test accuracy, not the total number of affected individuals in a population over time.
Choice C reason: This represents specificity, evaluating true negatives in diagnostic testing, not prevalence. It’s relevant for ruling out disease, like tuberculosis, but doesn’t quantify how many people currently have it within a population, missing the broader epidemiological scope entirely.
Choice D reason: This defines incidence, not prevalence, counting only new cases over time, like annual flu cases. It excludes existing cases, underrepresenting the total disease load in a population, which prevalence aims to capture comprehensively for health planning.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Geographic area alone lacks community’s shared purpose element. Goals add depth, per nursing. This errors in completeness. It’s universally distinct.
Choice B reason: Common bond like profession is too narrow; geography matters. This misaligns with public health definitions. It’s universally distinct, limited scope.
Choice C reason: Working on problems is specific; goals and area are broader. This errors per community breadth. It’s universally distinct, not general.
Choice D reason: A community shares goals within a geographic area, best definition. This aligns with nursing standards. It’s universally applied, distinctly comprehensive.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Snellen tests vision, not hearing like high pitch sounds. This errors per nursing standards. It’s universally distinct, wrong sensory assessment.
Choice B reason: Dental caries are teeth issues; Snellen checks eyes. This misaligns with school health standards. It’s universally distinct, unrelated to vision.
Choice C reason: Snellen assesses visual acuity, a standard eye test. This fits nursing health screening standards. It’s universally applied, distinctly accurate.
Choice D reason: Spine curvature is scoliosis; Snellen targets vision instead. This errors per nursing assessments. It’s universally distinct, off screening purpose.
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