A nurse is investigating a bacterial illness that has caused a health problem in the community. Only some of the people exposed to the bacteria have become ill. Which of the following factors best explains why this would have happened?
Successful interaction among the agent, host, and environment.
Environmental factors
Physical agent factors
Chemical agent factors
The Correct Answer is A
A. Successful interaction among the agent, host, and environment: The epidemiologic triad explains disease occurrence through the interaction of an agent (bacteria), a host (individual susceptibility), and the environment (conditions favoring disease transmission).
B. Environmental factors: While environmental factors contribute to disease spread, they alone do not explain why only some people become ill. Host susceptibility also plays a role.
C. Physical agent factors: Physical agents refer to non-living causes of disease (e.g., radiation, trauma), which are unrelated to bacterial infections.
D. Chemical agent factors: Chemical agents (e.g., toxins, pollutants) do not explain bacterial infections, which are caused by biological agents.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. To provide oversight to potential exposure: Inspections are proactive, not just a response to potential exposure to hazards.
B. To enforce local laws and regulations: While enforcement is part of the inspection process, the primary goal is preventing foodborne illnesses through compliance monitoring.
C. To monitor employee safety: Employee safety is overseen by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), not local health departments.
D. To ensure compliance with food safety regulations: Public health departments conduct restaurant inspections to ensure hygienic food preparation, storage, and service in compliance with local food safety laws.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Dengue: Dengue is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and is found in tropical regions, but it is less commonly imported to the U.S. than malaria.
B. Malaria: Malaria is the most frequently imported vector-borne disease in the U.S. due to international travelers coming from endemic areas (Africa, South Asia, South America). It is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
C. Onchocerciasis (river blindness): This disease is primarily found in Africa and is not commonly imported to the U.S. by travelers.
D. Yellow fever: While yellow fever exists in endemic areas, travelers are often vaccinated before visiting these regions, reducing its importation risk.
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