Which of the following best represents an example of infectious disease spreading via a vector?
Being bitten by an infected mosquito
A group of partygoers hugging and shaking hands
Disease spreading from infected mother to infant via the placenta
Two persons, one of whom is infected, sharing a glass of soda
The Correct Answer is A
A. Being bitten by an infected mosquito: A vector is an organism (e.g., a mosquito, tick, or flea) that transmits pathogens from one host to another. Mosquitoes transmit diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus.
B. A group of partygoers hugging and shaking hands: This describes direct contact transmission, not vector-borne transmission.
C. Disease spreading from infected mother to infant via the placenta: This describes vertical transmission (from mother to child during pregnancy), not vector-borne transmission.
D. Two persons, one of whom is infected, sharing a glass of soda: This describes indirect contact transmission through fomites (contaminated objects), not vector-borne transmission.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. To provide oversight to potential exposure: Inspections are proactive, not just a response to potential exposure to hazards.
B. To enforce local laws and regulations: While enforcement is part of the inspection process, the primary goal is preventing foodborne illnesses through compliance monitoring.
C. To monitor employee safety: Employee safety is overseen by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), not local health departments.
D. To ensure compliance with food safety regulations: Public health departments conduct restaurant inspections to ensure hygienic food preparation, storage, and service in compliance with local food safety laws.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Legislative branch of government: The legislative branch (e.g., Congress, Senate) is responsible for making laws and passing bills. Lobbying for healthcare funding directly involves the legislative process.
B. Constitutional branch of government: There is no specific constitutional branch of government. The U.S. government consists of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
C. Executive branch of government: The executive branch (e.g., the President, state governors) enforces laws but does not make them. The nurse is lobbying lawmakers, not the President.
D. Judicial branch of government: The judicial branch (courts, judges) interprets laws and ensures their constitutionality. It does not pass legislation.
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