Which of the following best represents an example of infectious disease spreading via a vector?
Being bitten by an infected mosquito
A group of partygoers hugging and shaking hands
Disease spreading from infected mother to infant via the placenta
Two persons, one of whom is infected, sharing a glass of soda
The Correct Answer is A
A. Being bitten by an infected mosquito: A vector is an organism (e.g., a mosquito, tick, or flea) that transmits pathogens from one host to another. Mosquitoes transmit diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus.
B. A group of partygoers hugging and shaking hands: This describes direct contact transmission, not vector-borne transmission.
C. Disease spreading from infected mother to infant via the placenta: This describes vertical transmission (from mother to child during pregnancy), not vector-borne transmission.
D. Two persons, one of whom is infected, sharing a glass of soda: This describes indirect contact transmission through fomites (contaminated objects), not vector-borne transmission.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Epidemiologic triangle: The epidemiologic triangle is a public health model that examines three key components of disease transmission:
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Agent – The microorganism (bacteria, virus, fungus, etc.).
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Host – The person or animal that harbors the disease.
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Environment – External conditions that contribute to disease spread.
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B. Health promotion: The health promotion model focuses on behavioral and lifestyle changes to prevent illness rather than examining the direct causes of disease.
C. Natural history of disease: The natural history of disease describes how a disease progresses without intervention from the initial exposure to resolution or chronicity, but it does not specifically analyze the agent, host, and environment.
D. Levels of prevention: The levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary) focus on preventing and managing disease, but they do not analyze the factors leading to disease transmission like the epidemiologic triangle does.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Number of true negatives / (true negatives + false positives): This formula is used to calculate specificity, not incidence.
B. Number of new cases in a period of time / total population × base multiple of 10: Incidence rate measures the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a population during a specific period. It is expressed per a base population size (e.g., per 1,000 or 100,000 people) to allow for comparisons across different populations.
C. Number of true positives / (true positives + false negatives): This formula is used to calculate sensitivity, not incidence.
D. Number of new cases + number of old cases in a period of time / total population × base multiple of 10: This describes prevalence, which includes both new and existing cases, not incidence.
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