A student comes to the college health clinic with typical cold symptoms of fever, sneezing, and coughing, but the nurse also notes a rash with small white spots on the inside of the student's cheeks. Which of the following actions should be taken by the college health nurse?

A. Chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer, stroke): Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and stroke, are the leading causes of death globally. These diseases account for over 70% of deaths worldwide.

B. Terrorism: While terrorism causes loss of life, it does not account for nearly as many deaths as chronic diseases.

C. Infectious diseases: Infectious diseases remain a major concern, especially in developing nations, but chronic diseases surpass them as the leading cause of death.

D. Injuries (accidental or purposeful): Injuries contribute to mortality but are not the leading cause of death worldwide.

A. Clients with HIV infection are encouraged to use condoms to protect sexual partners. This is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent disease transmission before it occurs.

B. Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis skin test or chest X-ray. Secondary prevention involves early detection and screening to identify disease in its early stages before symptoms develop or to prevent progression. TB screening (skin tests or chest X-rays) allows for early identification and treatment, preventing further transmission and severe disease.

C. Health care workers are encouraged to receive annual vaccinations for influenza. This is also primary prevention because vaccinations help prevent initial infection.

D. Clients with HIV infection are given medications to improve immunological response. This represents tertiary prevention, which focuses on managing existing disease to prevent complications.