Which factor contributes to the formation of a pressure injury when a patient’s body slides downward to the foot of the bed?

Shearing force.

Acceleration.

Momentum.

Applied force.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

Shearing force is the primary factor that contributes to the formation of pressure injuries when a patient's body slides downward. It occurs when two surfaces move in opposite directions, causing stress and strain on the tissues between them.

Compression of Tissues: When the patient's body slides downward, the skin and underlying tissues are compressed between the bony prominences (such as the sacrum or heels) and the surface of the bed. This compression restricts blood flow to the area, depriving the tissues of oxygen and nutrients.

Tissue Stretching and Tearing: As the body slides, the skin and underlying tissues are also stretched and pulled in opposite directions. This shearing force disrupts the normal alignment of cells and tissues, leading to microscopic tears and damage.

Impaired Blood Flow: Shearing force further compromises blood flow by stretching and compressing blood vessels. This reduces the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, while also hindering the removal of waste products.

Tissue Damage and Necrosis: The combination of compression, stretching, and impaired blood flow leads to cell death and tissue necrosis. This is the hallmark of pressure injuries, which can range from superficial blisters to deep ulcers that extend into muscle and bone.

Factors that Increase Shearing Force: Certain factors can increase the risk of shearing force and pressure injury development, including:

Increased moisture (from sweat or incontinence) Decreased mobility

Poor skin integrity

Malnutrition

Friction from bedsheets

In conclusion, shearing force is the main factor that contributes to pressure injury formation when a patient's body slides downward. It disrupts blood flow, damages tissues, and can lead to significant wounds.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Stage 1 pressure injury:

Non-blanchable erythema of intact skin: This means that when you press on the area, the redness does not disappear. It is persistent and remains even after pressure is relieved, unlike other types of skin redness that may blanch temporarily.

Intact skin: This is a crucial characteristic of Stage 1. The skin is not broken or open, differentiating it from more advanced stages.

Commonly over bony prominences: The malleolus, or ankle bone, is a bony prominence that is susceptible to pressure injuries due to its location and potential for prolonged pressure.

Explanation:

Non-blanchable erythema: The description of the redness as "non-blanchable" is the key indicator of a Stage 1 pressure injury. Blanchable erythema, which disappears when pressure is applied, can be due to other causes like inflammation or skin irritation, but non-blanchable erythema signals a deeper issue with the tissue.

Intact skin: The fact that the skin is intact rules out Stages 2, 3, and 4, which all involve some degree of skin breakdown.

Location on a bony prominence: The malleolus is a common site for pressure injuries because it's a bony area that often bears weight, especially in those with limited mobility or those confined to beds or chairs.

Additional Information:

Pressure injuries, also known as pressure ulcers or bed sores, are areas of damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure.

They are a common problem in healthcare settings, particularly among patients with limited mobility. Early identification and intervention are crucial to prevent progression to more severe stages.

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Which factor contributes to the formation of a pressure injury when a patient’s body slides downward to the foot of the bed?

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