Which chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the thickening and narrowing of small blood vessels, leading to impaired blood flow to the lower extremities?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic neuropathy.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that results from the thickening and narrowing of small blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow to the lower extremities. This can cause symptoms such as leg pain, numbness, and poor wound healing.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.

b. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication that affects the kidneys and can lead to impaired kidney function.

c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Consuming a piece of fruit is an appropriate choice for treating hypoglycemia, as it provides a source of natural sugars that can help raise blood sugar levels.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. A large serving of pasta contains complex carbohydrates that may take longer to raise blood sugar levels.

c. This choice is incorrect. A candy bar may provide a quick source of sugar, but it is often high in added sugars and unhealthy fats.

d. This choice is incorrect. Alcohol can further lower blood sugar levels and is not recommended for treating hypoglycemia.

A. Fasting blood glucose level of 110 mg/dL. B. Fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher. C. Fasting blood glucose level of 90 mg/dL. D. Fasting blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate occasions is indicative of diabetes mellitus. A level of 110 mg/dL is within the normal range, and levels of 90 mg/dL and 100 mg/dL are also normal.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. A fasting blood glucose level of 110 mg/dL is within the normal range.

c. This choice is incorrect. A fasting blood glucose level of 90 mg/dL is within the normal range.

d. This choice is incorrect. A fasting blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL is within the normal range.

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Which chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the thickening and narrowing of small blood vessels, leading to impaired blood flow to the lower extremities?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with diabetes is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. The nurse should instruct the client to consume:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which diagnostic criterion is indicative of diabetes mellitus on a fasting blood glucose test?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms contributes to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Which classification of diabetes mellitus is not related to insulin deficiency or resistance, but rather results from genetic mutations affecting the function of specific genes involved in beta cell function?

Which clinical manifestation is often referred to as the "three P's" of diabetes mellitus?

Which medication works by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, facilitating glucose uptake by cells, and is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Which classification of diabetes mellitus is primarily characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency?

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by damage to the blood vessels of the retina, leading to vision impairment and potential blindness?

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the accumulation of glucose within the lens of the eye, leading to changes in vision and the development of cataracts?