Which blood pressure (BP) finding during the second trimester indicates a risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension?
Baseline BP 140/85, current BP 129/80
Baseline BP 110/70, current BP 145/85
Baseline BP 120/80, current BP 126/85
Baseline BP 110/60, current BP 120/63
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
This is incorrect because a decrease in BP from the baseline is not a sign of pregnancy-induced hypertension. A normal BP during pregnancy is less than 140/90 mm Hg. A baseline BP of 140/85 mm Hg indicates pre-existing hypertension, which may or may not worsen during pregnancy. A current BP of 129/80 mm Hg indicates an improvement in the BP control, but not a risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Choice B rationale
This is correct because an increase in BP from the baseline by 30 mm Hg systolic or 15 mm Hg diastolic is a sign of pregnancy-induced hypertension. A normal BP during pregnancy is less than 140/90 mm Hg. A baseline BP of 110/70 mm Hg indicates a normal BP before pregnancy. A current BP of 145/85 mm Hg indicates a significant elevation in the BP, which could lead to complications such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, or placental abruption.
Choice C rationale
This is incorrect because a slight increase in BP from the baseline is not a sign of pregnancy-induced hypertension. A normal BP during pregnancy is less than 140/90 mm Hg. A baseline BP of 120/80 mm Hg indicates a normal BP before pregnancy. A current BP of 126/85 mm Hg indicates a minor elevation in the BP, which is within the normal range and does not pose a risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Choice D rationale
This is incorrect because a slight increase in BP from the baseline is not a sign of pregnancy-induced hypertension. A normal BP during pregnancy is less than 140/90 mm Hg. A baseline BP of 110/60 mm Hg indicates a normal BP before pregnancy. A current BP of 120/63 mm Hg indicates a minor elevation in the systolic BP, but a decrease in the diastolic BP, which is within the normal range and does not pose a risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Fetal head compression is not the cause of late decelerations. Fetal head compression occurs when the fetal head is pressed against the maternal pelvis or cervix during labor. This can cause early decelerations, which are symmetrical decreases in the fetal heart rate that coincide with the uterine contractions.
Choice B rationale
Umbilical cord compression is not the cause of late decelerations. Umbilical cord compression occurs when the umbilical cord is squeezed between the fetal body and the maternal pelvis or uterine wall during labor. This can cause variable decelerations, which are abrupt and irregular decreases in the fetal heart rate that vary in timing and duration.
Choice C rationale
Uteroplacental insufficiency is the cause of late decelerations. Uteroplacental insufficiency occurs when the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the placenta are reduced during labor. This can cause late decelerations, which are symmetrical decreases in the fetal heart rate that begin after the peak of the uterine contractions and return to baseline after the contractions end.
Choice D rationale
Maternal bradycardia is not the cause of late decelerations. Maternal bradycardia is a slow maternal heart rate that can be caused by various factors such as medication, hypotension, or vagal stimulation. Maternal bradycardia can affect the fetal heart rate, but it does not cause a specific pattern of decelerations.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
This is incorrect because cigarette smoking is not the most common risk factor for abruption. Cigarette smoking can increase the risk of abruption by causing vasoconstriction and reducing placental blood flow, but it is less prevalent and less severe than hypertension.
Choice B rationale
This is correct because hypertension is the most common risk factor for abruption. Hypertension can cause damage to the uterine vessels and lead to bleeding and separation of the placenta from the uterine wall. Hypertension affects about 40% of clients who experience abruption and can be chronic or pregnancy-induced.
Choice C rationale
This is incorrect because blunt force trauma is not the most common risk factor for abruption. Blunt force trauma can cause abruption by applying direct pressure or shear force to the placenta, but it is less common and less predictable than hypertension. Blunt force trauma can result from motor vehicle accidents, falls, or physical abuse.
Choice D rationale
This is incorrect because cocaine use is not the most common risk factor for abruption. Cocaine use can increase the risk of abruption by causing vasoconstriction and uterine contractions, but it is less common and less consistent than hypertension. Cocaine use can also cause other complications, such as fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, or stillbirth.
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