In terms of the incidence and classification of diabetes, maternity nurses should know that:
Type 1 diabetes is most common
Type 2 diabetes often goes undiagnosed
Type 1 diabetes may become type 2 during pregnancy
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) means that the woman will be receiving insulin treatment until 6 weeks after birth
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Type 1 diabetes is not the most common type of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is a condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin, which is a hormone that regulates the blood glucose level. Type 1 diabetes usually develops in childhood or adolescence and requires lifelong insulin therapy. Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5% to 10% of all cases of diabetes.
Choice B rationale
Type 2 diabetes often goes undiagnosed. Type 2 diabetes is a condition where the body becomes resistant to the action of insulin or the pancreas produces insufficient insulin. Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood and is associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and family history. Type 2 diabetes can be managed with diet, exercise, oral medications, or insulin. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% to 95% of all cases of diabetes. However, many people with type 2 diabetes do not have any symptoms or are unaware of their condition, which can lead to delayed diagnosis and complications.
Choice C rationale
Type 1 diabetes cannot become type 2 during pregnancy. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are different conditions with different causes and treatments. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, while type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that impairs the insulin sensitivity or secretion. Type 1 diabetes cannot be reversed or prevented, while type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed with lifestyle changes.
Choice D rationale
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) does not mean that the woman will be receiving insulin treatment until 6 weeks after birth. GDM is a condition where the blood glucose level becomes elevated during pregnancy, usually after 24 weeks of gestation. GDM can cause complications for the mother and the fetus, such as preeclampsia, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. GDM can be managed with diet, exercise, oral medications, or insulin. GDM usually resolves after delivery, but the woman should be tested for diabetes 6 to 12 weeks postpartum, as she has a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
This is incorrect because 3 cm above the umbilicus is not the expected location for the fundus at 22 weeks of gestation. The fundus is the upper part of the uterus that can be felt by abdominal palpation. The fundal height is measured from the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus. The fundal height usually corresponds to the gestational age in weeks, plus or minus 2 cm. Therefore, at 22 weeks of gestation, the fundal height should be around 22 cm, which is slightly above the umbilicus.
Choice B rationale
This is incorrect because 3 cm below the umbilicus is not the expected location for the fundus at 22 weeks of gestation. The fundus is the upper part of the uterus that can be felt by abdominal palpation. The fundal height is measured from the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus. The fundal height usually corresponds to the gestational age in weeks, plus or minus 2 cm. Therefore, at 22 weeks of gestation, the fundal height should be around 22 cm, which is slightly above the umbilicus.
Choice C rationale
This is incorrect because slightly below the umbilicus is not the expected location for the fundus at 22 weeks of gestation. The fundus is the upper part of the uterus that can be felt by abdominal palpation. The fundal height is measured from the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus. The fundal height usually corresponds to the gestational age in weeks, plus or minus 2 cm. Therefore, at 22 weeks of gestation, the fundal height should be around 22 cm, which is slightly above the umbilicus.
Choice D rationale
This is correct because slightly above the umbilicus is the expected location for the fundus at 22 weeks of gestation. The fundus is the upper part of the uterus that can be felt by abdominal palpation. The fundal height is measured from the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus. The fundal height usually corresponds to the gestational age in weeks, plus or minus 2 cm. Therefore, at 22 weeks of gestation, the fundal height should be around 22 cm, which is slightly above the umbilicus.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Vaginal discharge is not a finding that indicates preeclampsia. Vaginal discharge is a normal occurrence during pregnancy, as the cervix and vaginal walls soften and produce more mucus. Vaginal discharge can also indicate infections, such as yeast or bacterial vaginosis, which are not related to preeclampsia.
Choice B rationale
Elevated blood pressure is a finding that indicates preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a condition that causes high blood pressure and proteinuria in pregnant women after 20 weeks of gestation. Preeclampsia can lead to serious complications, such as eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and placental abruption, which can endanger the mother and the fetus. The nurse should monitor the client's blood pressure and report any readings above 140/90 mm Hg.
Choice C rationale
Joint pain is not a finding that indicates preeclampsia. Joint pain is a common complaint during pregnancy, as the hormones and weight gain cause changes in the joints and ligaments. Joint pain can also indicate other conditions, such as arthritis, gout, or lupus, which are not related to preeclampsia.
Choice D rationale
Increased urine output is not a finding that indicates preeclampsia. Increased urine output is a normal occurrence during pregnancy, as the growing uterus puts pressure on the bladder and the kidneys filter more blood. Increased urine output can also indicate diabetes, urinary tract infection, or diuretic use, which are not related to preeclampsia.
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