Which assessment finding in a 36-yr-old patient is most indicative of a need for further evaluation?

A breast lump that increases in size before the menstrual period.

Bilateral breast nodules that are tender with palpation.

A breast lump that is small and mobile, with a rubbery consistency.

A breast nodule that is 1 cm in size, nontender, and fixed.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale: A breast lump that increases in size before the menstrual period might be related to hormonal changes and is not necessarily indicative of a concerning issue.

Choice B rationale: Bilateral breast nodules that are tender with palpation might be related to benign conditions or hormonal changes.

Choice C rationale: A small, mobile, rubbery breast lump could suggest a benign condition like a fibroadenoma, which might not be as concerning.

Choice D rationale: A breast nodule that is 1 cm in size, nontender, and fixed could potentially raise concerns about malignancy and requires further evaluation.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: This refers to postrenal AKI, which is caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract that prevents urine from leaving the body.

Choice B rationale: This refers to AKI in general and is not specific compared to choice D.

Choice C rationale: This refers to intrinsic AKI, which is caused by damage to the kidney tissue or cells from various causes, such as inflammation, infection, toxins, or ischemia.

Choice D rationale: This is correct because it is pre-renal AKI, a condition in which kidney blood flow may become significantly reduced, including cases where a significant amount of fluid has been lost. This situation suggests potential hypovolemia (low blood volume) due to the massive GI bleed, which can lead to reduced kidney blood flow and subsequent acute kidney injury.

A. Increases insulin release from the pancreas, inhibits glucagon secretion, and decreases gastric emptying. B. Reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity. C. Slows the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine. D. Increases insulin production from the pancreas.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Metformin does not significantly affect insulin release from the pancreas or glucagon secretion but reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity in tissues.

Choice B rationale: Metformin primarily works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving the body's response to insulin, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.

Choice C rationale: Metformin does not notably slow carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.

Choice D rationale: Metformin does not directly increase insulin production from the pancreas.

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Which assessment finding in a 36-yr-old patient is most indicative of a need for further evaluation?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A-55-year old male patient is admitted with a massive GI bleed. The patient is at risk for what type of acute kidney injury?

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Explanation

The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin (Glucophage). What should the nurse tell the patient to best explain how this medication works?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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