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When teaching the patient about preventing further episodes of pneumonia, the nurse should include which 5 topics?

Staying indoors during cold and flu season

Yearly flu vaccine

Regular exercise and healthy nutrition

Use a fan at night to circulate the air

Staying away from crowds

Handwashing

Pneumonia Vaccine

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E,F,G

Choice A reason: Staying indoors may limit exposure but isn’t practical or evidence-based for pneumonia prevention. It’s less effective than vaccines or hygiene, as pathogens persist indoors, reducing its priority in teaching.

Choice B reason: Yearly flu vaccine prevents influenza, a pneumonia risk factor, by inducing immunity. It’s a cornerstone of prevention, reducing respiratory infections that predispose to bacterial pneumonia, per public health guidelines.

Choice C reason: Regular exercise and nutrition boost immunity, reducing pneumonia risk. Strong lungs and host defenses limit infection severity, making this a key lifestyle topic for long-term respiratory health protection.

Choice D reason: Using a fan circulates air but doesn’t prevent pneumonia pathogens effectively. It may dry mucosa, increasing susceptibility, so it’s not a standard recommendation compared to vaccines or hygiene.

Choice E reason: Staying away from crowds reduces exposure to respiratory pathogens causing pneumonia. It’s practical during outbreaks, complementing vaccines and hygiene as a behavioral strategy to lower infection risk.

Choice F reason: Handwashing removes pathogens, preventing pneumonia transmission via contact. It’s a simple, evidence-based habit, critical in breaking infection chains, making it essential in patient education for prevention.

Choice G reason: Pneumonia vaccine (e.g., PCV13, PPSV23) protects against Streptococcus pneumoniae, a top cause. It’s a primary prevention tool, reducing incidence, strongly recommended for at-risk patients in teaching plans.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Streptomycin treats TB, but persistent AFB after 2 months suggests resistance or non-adherence. Requesting it now skips assessing compliance, which is critical first, as adding drugs prematurely may worsen resistance.

Choice B reason: Injectable antibiotics (e.g., amikacin) address resistant TB, but without confirming adherence, this is premature. Non-compliance is common; discussing this assumes resistance without evidence, delaying root cause investigation.

Choice C reason: Teaching about drug-resistant TB is relevant if resistance is confirmed, not assumed. Positive AFB may reflect non-adherence, so education is secondary to verifying medication use, which drives next steps.

Choice D reason: Asking about adherence checks if the patient took drugs as directed, a common reason for persistent AFB. Non-compliance delays sputum conversion, making this the first action to guide further treatment decisions.

A. Evaluate the effect of anticoagulant drugs by monitoring appropriate laboratory results and side effects of therapy B. Help ambulatory patients to walk at least 4 to 6 times daily. C. Teach patients at risk for VTE about preventive measures D. Assess patients for VTE risk and monitor for VTE in at-risk patients

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Evaluating anticoagulants requires interpreting labs like PT/INR and assessing bleeding, a skilled nursing task. Delegation to an assistant is inappropriate, as it demands clinical judgment beyond their scope, involving pharmacokinetics and patient safety monitoring.

Choice B reason: Assisting ambulation promotes venous return, reducing VTE risk via muscle pump action on veins. This physical task aligns with a nursing assistant’s scope, requiring no clinical analysis, making it a safe, effective delegation for prevention.

Choice C reason: Teaching about VTE prevention involves explaining risks and interventions, requiring nursing knowledge of pathophysiology. Assistants lack training for patient education, so this remains an RN duty to ensure accuracy and comprehension.

Choice D reason: Assessing VTE risk and monitoring involve clinical skills like inspecting for swelling or interpreting symptoms. This exceeds an assistant’s scope, as it requires diagnostic reasoning and expertise reserved for licensed nurses.

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When teaching the patient about preventing further episodes of pneumonia, the nurse should include which 5 topics?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

After 2 months of prescribed treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, a patient continues to have positive sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Which action would the nurse take next?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which intervention for VTE care and prevention can the RN delegate to the nursing assistant?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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