When considering the pharmacologic management of a patient who has sustained a traumatic head injury, the nurse can anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications to manage increases in intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Nitroprusside

Furosemide

3% Normal Saline

Norepinephrine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Nitroprusside is a vasodilator and is not used for managing ICP; it can increase intracranial pressure if not carefully monitored.

B. Furosemide is a diuretic but is less effective for ICP reduction compared to hypertonic saline or mannitol.

C. Hypertonic saline (3% Normal Saline) is used to reduce intracranial pressure by drawing fluid out of the brain tissue and into the bloodstream, which can help prevent cerebral edema.

D. Norepinephrine is a vasopressor and is not used specifically to manage intracranial pressure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Elevating the head of the bed, loosening clothing, and checking for urinary catheter obstruction are key steps to lower blood pressure and relieve triggers of autonomic dysreflexia, a potentially life-threatening condition.

B. A cool compress may provide comfort but does not directly address the primary triggers or symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia.

C. Semi-Fowler's position is insufficient compared to a full 90-degree sitting position, which helps reduce blood pressure.

D. IV access and oxygen may be required if symptoms do not resolve, but immediate actions focus on relieving the cause of dysreflexia.

A. Neurogenic shock B. Brain herniation C. Spinal shock D. Autonomic dysreflexia

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Neurogenic shock occurs in spinal cord injuries above T6 and is characterized by hypotension, bradycardia, and loss of sympathetic tone below the level of injury. This condition results from disruption of autonomic pathways.

B. Brain herniation typically involves increased intracranial pressure and different neurological symptoms.

C. Spinal shock involves temporary loss of reflexes and sensation but does not specifically cause bradycardia or hypotension.

D. Autonomic dysreflexia involves sudden high blood pressure and is usually triggered by noxious stimuli, occurring after the acute phase of SCI.

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When considering the pharmacologic management of a patient who has sustained a traumatic head injury, the nurse can anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications to manage increases in intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse suspects autonomic dysreflexia in the patient with a spinal cord injury at the level of C-7. After checking vital signs what are the priority nursing interventions?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient immediately after a spinal cord injury between T7-T8 vertebrae. The patient displays the following symptoms: absent reflexes, flaccidity, loss of sensation below the level of injury, bradycardia, and hypotension. These are signs of which condition?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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