What laboratory value change should indicate to a nurse that a patient with renal failure has entered the oliguric stage?
Blood volume decreases.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level rises
Urine osmolality increases.
Serum calcium increases.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Blood volume decreases: While fluid imbalances are common in renal failure, the oliguric stage is marked by fluid retention, not decreased blood volume.
B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level rises: The oliguric stage is characterized by reduced urine output, leading to waste product accumulation, including elevated BUN levels.
C. Urine osmolality increases: In renal failure, urine osmolality may remain low or not reflect changes due to impaired kidney function.
D. Serum calcium increases: Serum calcium often decreases in renal failure due to disturbances in vitamin D metabolism and phosphate retention.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","D"]
Explanation
A. Trace glucose: Trace glucose in the urine is not typically associated with infections; it may indicate diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.
B. Straw color: Straw-colored urine is normal and does not indicate infection.
C. Foul odor: A foul odor in urine can be indicative of infection due to bacterial activity.
D. pH of 8.2: Alkaline urine (pH > 8.0) may indicate infection because some bacteria produce urease, which increases urine pH.
E. Specific gravity of 1.014: This is within the normal range and does not indicate infection.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Proteus mirabilis: While Proteus species can cause UTIs, they are less common than E. coli and are often associated with catheter-related infections.
B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Pseudomonas causes UTIs primarily in hospitalized patients or those with indwelling catheters.
C. Klebsiella pneumoniae: Klebsiella species are less common than E. coli as causes of community-acquired UTIs.
D. E. coli: E. coli is the most common cause of community-acquired UTIs, accounting for approximately 80–90% of cases, due to its presence in the gastrointestinal tract and close proximity to the urethra.
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