What is the primary pathophysiology of glaucoma?

Blockage of the tear ducts causing excessive tearing.

Inflammation of the cornea resulting in blurry vision.

Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to optic nerve damage.

Degeneration of the lens leading to cataracts.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Blockage of the tear ducts causing excessive tearing:

Blockage of tear ducts (dacryostenosis) results in excessive tearing (epiphora) due to inadequate drainage of tears into the nasal cavity. It does not directly contribute to glaucoma, which primarily involves increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve damage.

B) Inflammation of the cornea resulting in blurry vision:

Corneal inflammation (keratitis) can cause blurry vision, pain, and sensitivity to light, but it is not the primary pathophysiology of glaucoma. Glaucoma primarily involves damage to the optic nerve due to elevated IOP.

C) Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to optic nerve damage:

Glaucoma is characterized by elevated IOP, which puts pressure on the optic nerve and can lead to progressive damage and vision loss if untreated. This is the primary pathophysiological process in most types of glaucoma.

D) Degeneration of the lens leading to cataracts:

Cataracts involve the clouding of the lens of the eye, leading to visual impairment. While cataracts are a common condition in older adults, they are not directly related to the pathophysiology of glaucoma, which primarily involves elevated IOP and optic nerve damage.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Accessibility:

Accessibility refers to the client's ability to obtain food, which is crucial for nutritional status, especially for someone who lives alone and cannot drive. Difficulty in accessing grocery stores or markets can limit the variety and availability of nutritious food options, potentially leading to poor nutritional intake.

B) Food preparation:

Food preparation skills are important, but if the client has difficulty accessing food in the first place (due to transportation limitations), their ability to prepare meals becomes secondary. Accessibility to food sources is a more immediate concern for nutritional status.

C) Food preferences:

While food preferences can influence dietary choices, the ability to access food is a more fundamental issue that directly impacts nutritional intake, especially for someone who lives alone and has limited mobility.

D) Finances:

Financial constraints can certainly affect food choices and access to nutritious options. However, in this scenario, the primary concern is the physical accessibility to food sources, which directly impacts the client's ability to maintain adequate nutrition.

A. Electrical cords are placed along the walls. B. Handrails are present in the bathroom. C. Uses a microwave for cooking. D. Scatter rugs are present in the kitchen.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Electrical cords are placed along the walls: While it is important to ensure that electrical cords are safely managed, cords placed along the walls are less likely to pose a tripping hazard compared to those that are left loose or run across walking paths. This setup, in itself, is generally not a significant safety risk if managed properly.

B) Handrails are present in the bathroom: Handrails in the bathroom are actually a safety feature, not a risk. They provide necessary support for older adults with decreased vision or mobility issues, helping to prevent falls when using the toilet or getting in and out of the bathtub or shower.

C) Uses a microwave for cooking: Using a microwave for cooking is generally considered safe for individuals with decreased vision, as it minimizes the risk of burns and other injuries associated with using a stove or oven. The microwave can be a safer cooking method if the client is familiar with its operation.

D) Scatter rugs are present in the kitchen: Scatter rugs are a significant safety risk, especially for older adults with decreased vision. These rugs can easily cause trips and falls, leading to potentially serious injuries. Removing scatter rugs or securing them with non-slip backing can help mitigate this risk and create a safer home environment.

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What is the primary pathophysiology of glaucoma?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse assesses an older adult client who lives alone and is unable to drive a vehicle. Which of the following assessment areas of the nutritional history will most likely impact the client's nutritional status?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A home health nurse is assessing an older adult client in the home who has decreased vision due to a history of glaucoma. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a safety risk?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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