What is the name of the ethical decision-making system based on the "greatest good" principle?
Egoism
Utilitarianism
Deontological
Jurisdictional
The Correct Answer is B
Egoism: Egoism is an ethical theory that emphasizes self-interest as the motivation for human behavior. It suggests that individuals act in their own self-interest and seek to maximize their own happiness or well-being.
Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that states the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or pleasure. It focuses on the consequences of actions and aims to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Deontological: Deontological ethics, also known as duty-based ethics, focuses on the inherent nature of an action, rather than its consequences. It suggests that some actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of the context or outcomes.
Jurisdictional: Jurisdictional refers to the legal authority or power of a court or other governmental entity to make decisions and judgments within a specific geographical area or in a particular legal domain. It does not directly relate to ethical decision-making principles.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) A framework for decision-making:
A code of ethics provides a framework that guides professionals in making ethical decisions. It offers principles and standards to help individuals navigate complex ethical dilemmas in their practice.
B) A collection of static rules:
While a code of ethics does contain specific rules and guidelines, it's not merely a static collection of rules. It includes broader ethical principles and values that professionals are expected to uphold.
C) A group of legally binding values:
While the principles in a code of ethics are important and often supported by laws and regulations, the code itself is not a set of legally binding rules. Violating the code might have professional consequences but doesn't necessarily result in legal penalties.
D) The "ball and chain" of the profession:
This phrase is not an accurate or respectful description of a code of ethics. A code of ethics is a professional responsibility and helps maintain high standards of practice and ethical conduct.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Doing no harm to clients: This is the correct definition of nonmaleficence. It means ensuring that healthcare providers do not cause harm intentionally or unintentionally to their patients.
Telling the truth to clients in all matters: While honesty and truthfulness (veracity) are important ethical principles, this statement does not directly define nonmaleficence. Nonmaleficence specifically emphasizes the prevention of harm, not just truth-telling.
Being faithful to commitments made to clients: Faithfulness and keeping commitments are aspects of fidelity, another ethical principle. It involves keeping promises and being loyal to patients. Although important, this does not capture the essence of nonmaleficence.
Determining the rights of clients: Protecting a patient's rights is crucial, but it is more aligned with the ethical principle of autonomy, where patients have the right to make decisions about their own healthcare. Nonmaleficence is specifically concerned with the prevention of harm.
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