What is an appropriate nursing action for a hospitalized client receiving aprepitant?
Monitor the client’s temperature closely.
Place an NPO sign above the client’s bed.
Encourage fluids as tolerated.
Elevate the head of the bed
The Correct Answer is C
This is because aprepitant can cause dehydration as an adverse effect, so the nurse will want to encourage the client to drink as much liquid as possible.
Choice A is wrong because the client’s temperature would not be affected by aprepitant.
Choice B is wrong because the client must be encouraged for fluid intake as tolerated, so placing an NPO sign on the door would not be appropriate for this client.
Choice D is wrong because elevating the head of the bed would be unnecessary for a client receiving aprepitant.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Oxygen cannot diffuse rapidly across the membrane to tissues in the eye. This is because diabetic retinopathy is a condition that occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the tiny blood vessels that nourish the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. As a result, the retina becomes ischemic (lacking oxygen) and tries to grow new blood vessels that are fragile and leaky.
Choice A is wrong because inability of cells in the eye to reproduce is not a cause of diabetic retinopathy.
The retina has a high metabolic rate and needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly.
Choice B is wrong because increase of aqueous humor in the eye is not a cause of diabetic retinopathy.
Aqueous humor is the clear fluid that fills the front part of the eye, not the retina.
An increase of aqueous humor can cause glaucoma, which is a different eye disorder that affects the optic nerve.
Choice C is wrong because decrease of nerve innervations throughout the eye is not a cause of diabetic retinopathy.
Nerve innervations are the connections between nerves and other tissues, such as muscles or glands.
Diabetic retinopathy affects the blood vessels, not the nerves, of the retina.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone that is used to treat hypothyroidism. It should be taken on an empty stomach, preferably in the morning, with a full glass of water to facilitate absorption and prevent choking. Taking the medication with food or other substances may interfere with its effectiveness.
Choice A is wrong because levothyroxine does not need to be taken after breakfast.
In fact, taking it after breakfast may reduce its absorption and efficacy.
Choice C is wrong because levothyroxine does not require the patient to remain in the upright position for 30 minutes after administering.
This instruction is more applicable to bisphosphonates, which are drugs used to treat osteoporosis.
Choice D is wrong because levothyroxine should not be taken at night.
Taking it at night may cause insomnia, as well as reduced absorption and efficacy.
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