What does the nurse identify as INDIRECT cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Pneumonia

Drowning

Aspiration

Sepsis

Blood Transfusion

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : D,E

A) Pneumonia: Pneumonia is a direct cause of ARDS, as it involves direct inflammation and infection of the lung tissue, leading to impaired oxygen exchange and damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane. It results in fluid accumulation in the lungs, which is a key characteristic of ARDS.

B) Drowning: Drowning is another direct cause of ARDS. It involves the aspiration of water into the lungs, which directly damages lung tissue, causing pulmonary edema and impaired oxygenation.

C) Aspiration: Aspiration of food, liquid, or vomit into the lungs is also a direct cause of ARDS. The aspirated material can lead to chemical pneumonia, bacterial infection, and inflammation of the lungs, which in turn causes ARDS.

D) Sepsis: Sepsis is an indirect cause of ARDS. It can lead to widespread inflammation throughout the body, including the lungs, through the release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines, interleukins, etc.). These systemic inflammatory responses can increase capillary permeability in the lungs, causing fluid to leak into the alveoli, which leads to ARDS.

E) Blood Transfusion: Blood transfusion, particularly when associated with transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), is an indirect cause of ARDS. TRALI is a serious complication that can result from receiving blood products, where the transfused blood causes an immune response leading to pulmonary damage. It indirectly triggers inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs, contributing to ARDS.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Provide honest answers to the client’s questions:
Providing honest answers to the client's questions is essential in promoting comfort, especially when they have a new diagnosis of bladder cancer. Patients often experience anxiety and uncertainty when facing a new diagnosis, so being open and transparent with information can help alleviate fears and build trust.

B) Avoid eye contact with the client during care:
Avoiding eye contact with the client can contribute to feelings of isolation and discomfort. Eye contact is an important form of non-verbal communication that can help establish a rapport and show empathy. Avoiding eye contact could make the client feel rejected or neglected, which would increase their anxiety and distress.

C) Provide limited explanations of procedures needed for care:
Providing limited explanations of procedures may leave the client feeling more confused or fearful about what is happening. While it's important to avoid overwhelming the patient with too much information, clear and concise explanations about procedures and treatments are essential to reduce anxiety and help the patient feel more in control of the situation.

D) Avoid giving the client choices regarding their care:
Avoiding giving the patient choices can make them feel powerless, which can increase feelings of anxiety and frustration. Offering choices when appropriate allows the patient to feel more in control of their care, which can reduce stress and enhance their sense of autonomy.

A. there are no obvious symptoms or problems B. radiation therapy is ineffective because the ovaries are located so deep within the pelvis C. the causative cancer cell is resistant to chemotherapy or radiation D. ovarian cancer occurs primarily among women over age 70 that also have other complicating health problems

Correct Answer is ["A"]

Explanation

A) There are no obvious symptoms or problems: Ovarian cancer is often referred to as the "silent killer" because it tends to develop without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. When symptoms do appear, they are often vague and nonspecific, such as bloating, abdominal discomfort, or changes in bowel habits. By the time ovarian cancer is diagnosed, it is frequently at an advanced stage, making it more difficult to treat effectively. This lack of early, clear symptoms contributes significantly to the high death rate associated with the disease.

B) Radiation therapy is ineffective because the ovaries are located so deep within the pelvis: While ovarian cancer is located deep within the pelvis, radiation therapy can still be effective for certain types of tumors. However, the primary reason for high death rates is not the location of the ovaries, but the late-stage diagnosis and difficulty in detecting the cancer early.

C) The causative cancer cell is resistant to chemotherapy or radiation: While some ovarian cancer cells may exhibit resistance to treatment, this is not the main reason for the high mortality rate. The real issue is the lack of early detection, as ovarian cancer is often diagnosed when it has already spread beyond the ovaries. Early-stage ovarian cancer may be more responsive to treatment, but by the time symptoms are noticeable, the cancer is often advanced, which limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation.

D) Ovarian cancer occurs primarily among women over age 70 that also have other complicating health problems: Although the incidence of ovarian cancer increases with age, particularly after age 60, it is not the primary factor contributing to high death rates. Many women diagnosed with ovarian cancer are relatively healthy except for the cancer itself.

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What does the nurse identify as INDIRECT cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of bladder cancer Which of the following interventions should the nurse take to promote comfort?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

In educating clients about ovarian cancer the nurse emphasizes death rates for ovarian cancer are high because:

Correct Answer is ["A"]

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to administer a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBC's) to a patient whose blood type is A- (negative). The nurse knows that this patient can receive transfusions from which blood types? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY).

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The nurse easily and quickly assesses changes in level of consciousness (eye opening, verbal responses motor response) using which neurological exams?

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The nurse is monitoring a patient receiving a blood transfusion. For Which symptoms would the nurse stop the transfusion but NOT administer 0,9% normal saline?

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A nurse is providing care with for a client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus. The client discusses concerns about transmitting the virus to their family members. What should the nurse include in client education? The nurse teaches the client to: