What distinguishes a middle-range theory from a grand theory of nursing?

Libel: Libel is a form of defamation that occurs in written or printed words, pictures, or any form other than spoken words or gestures. Since the nurse's actions involved spoken words, it doesn't constitute libel.

Fraud: Fraud involves intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive someone of a legal right. While the nurse's actions were inappropriate and unprofessional, they don't necessarily involve financial or material deception, which is a characteristic of fraud.

Slander: Slander is a form of defamation that involves making false spoken statements that harm the reputation of another person. In this case, the nurse verbally spread false and damaging information about the client, harming their professional reputation.

Malpractice: Malpractice refers to professional negligence or a professional misconduct that results in harm to a patient. While the nurse's actions were inappropriate, they might not directly fall under the category of malpractice unless the client suffered harm due to the nurse's statements impacting their medical care.

Reestablish the absolute state of health the client had before his or her illness.
This choice is incorrect. The Orem Self-Care Model does not aim to restore clients to their absolute state of health before illness. Instead, it focuses on empowering individuals to engage in self-care activities independently to maintain or improve their health status. It's not about restoring to a previous state but enhancing the individual's ability to care for themselves.

Help the client conduct self-care activities to reach the highest level of functioning.
This choice is correct. The primary goal of nursing in the Orem Self-Care Model is to assist clients in performing self-care activities to the best of their ability. Nurses assess the client's self-care abilities and provide appropriate support and education to help them achieve the highest level of functioning possible. The model emphasizes enhancing the client's self-care capacity, promoting independence, and improving overall functioning.

Prevent further injury to the client's biosystems.
While preventing injury is essential in nursing, it is not the primary focus of the Orem Self-Care Model. This model is more concerned with promoting self-care and independence rather than injury prevention.

Help balance technological care with humanistic aspects of care.
Balancing technological care with humanistic aspects of care is crucial in modern nursing practice, but it is not the specific primary goal of the Orem Self-Care Model. This model primarily emphasizes assisting clients in self-care activities to enhance their functioning and independence.