What condition is the most likely cause of a barrel chest?

A. Drinking 400 ml every hour is not a typical recommendation for bowel preparation with PEG. The client is usually instructed to drink a specific volume, but it is typically more than 400 ml at once and spread over a specific time frame, often 1-2 liters over several hours.

B. Abdominal bloating is a common side effect of polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solutions. The solution works by drawing water into the intestines to induce bowel movements, and this can lead to temporary bloating or discomfort.

C. While it is important to stay hydrated during the bowel prep, the recommendation to drink an additional liter of fluid is not typically included in the instructions. The PEG solution itself is designed to maintain fluid balance, and additional water may be advised, but this is not the standard guideline.

D. Bowel movements typically begin shortly after starting the PEG solution, often within 1-2 hours, rather than waiting 3 hours. The exact timing can vary, but 3 hours is longer than usual for the first bowel movement to occur.

A. Stones that are too small to pass typically do not require surgical removal. Smaller stones are usually managed conservatively with hydration and pain management.

B. Mild, intermittent pain for 1 day does not usually indicate the need for surgery. Conservative management is often appropriate for such cases.

C. Obstruction of urine flow is a primary indication for surgical removal of renal stones. If a stone is blocking the urinary tract, it can cause severe pain, infection, or kidney damage, making surgical intervention necessary.

D. A small stone without evidence of size increase may not require surgery unless it is causing symptoms or complications. Most small stones pass naturally over time.