The nurse is conducting patient teaching about cholesterol levels.
When discussing the patient’s elevated LDL and lowered HDL levels, which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the significance of these levels?
The increased LDL will decrease the amount of cholesterol deposited on the artery walls.
Increased LDL and decreased HDL increase my risk of coronary artery disease.
The decreased HDL level will increase the amount of cholesterol moved away from the artery walls.
Increased LDL has the potential to decrease my risk of heart disease.
Correct Answer : A,B,D
Choice A rationale:
Pain relief is a primary benefit of morphine administration in the setting of myocardial infarction.
Pain can trigger a stress response, leading to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen demand.
Morphine effectively reduces pain, thereby lessening the stress response and its detrimental effects on the heart.
This helps to minimize myocardial ischemia and potential further damage to the heart muscle.
Pain control also improves patient comfort and overall well-being, which can indirectly contribute to better cardiac outcomes.
Choice B rationale:
Sedation is another important benefit of morphine in this context.
It promotes rest and relaxation, which can lower heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen demand.
This is crucial for patients with myocardial infarction, as their hearts require reduced workload to heal and recover.
Sedation also helps to alleviate anxiety and agitation, which can further strain the heart.
By inducing a state of calmness, morphine can indirectly protect the heart from additional stress.
Choice C rationale:
While morphine does have diuretic effects, increasing urinary output is not a primary goal in the management of myocardial infarction.
In fact, excessive diuresis could potentially lead to dehydration and hypotension, which could be detrimental to cardiac function.
Therefore, while morphine may slightly increase urine output, this is not a major reason for its use in this setting.
Choice D rationale:
Decreasing myocardial demand is a key benefit of morphine administration in patients with myocardial infarction.
Morphine achieves this by:
Reducing pain and the associated stress response
Promoting sedation and relaxation
Diminishing anxiety and agitation
Exerting a direct vasodilatory effect on blood vessels
This collective action of morphine leads to a decrease in heart rate, blood pressure, and the heart’s overall workload.
As a result, the heart requires less oxygen and experiences reduced strain, allowing for better healing and recovery following a myocardial infarction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
While aspirin can help improve heart function in certain cases, such as by reducing inflammation, it's not accurate to say it directly restores normal heart function. This statement oversimplifies aspirin's mechanism of action and could mislead the client.
It's essential to emphasize aspirin's role in preventing clots, which is the primary reason for its use in coronary artery disease.
Choice B rationale:
Aspirin does not affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. This function is primarily carried out by hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Stating that aspirin increases oxygen-carrying capacity could create misunderstandings about its role in coronary artery disease.
Choice C rationale:
Aspirin does not directly make blood penetrate the heart more freely. Its action primarily involves preventing blood clots from forming within blood vessels.
This statement could lead to a misconception about aspirin's mechanism of action, potentially affecting adherence to treatment.
Choice D rationale:
This is the most accurate and comprehensive response. It directly addresses the client's question and highlights the primary reason for daily aspirin use in coronary artery disease.
Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of blood clots that can obstruct coronary arteries and trigger heart attacks or chest pain.
By preventing these blockages, aspirin can help prevent future cardiovascular events and improve the client's overall health outcomes.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Rationale:
Atrial Flutter is a rapid, regular atrial rhythm characterized by a "sawtooth" pattern on the ECG. It is caused by a reentrant circuit in the atria, usually involving the cavo-tricuspid isthmus. The atrial rate in atrial flutter is typically between 250 and 350 beats per minute. However, the ventricular rate is often slower due to varying degrees of AV block.
Key differentiating features: Atrial flutter has a regular, sawtooth pattern on ECG, while ventricular fibrillation is irregular and chaotic. Atrial flutter usually has a slower ventricular rate than ventricular fibrillation.
Choice B Rationale:
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) is a rapid heart rhythm that originates in the ventricles. It is defined as three or more consecutive ventricular beats at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute. VT can be either non-sustained (lasting less than 30 seconds) or sustained (lasting more than 30 seconds).
Key differentiating features: VT has a regular or slightly irregular rhythm with wide QRS complexes, while ventricular fibrillation is irregular and chaotic with no discernible QRS complexes. VT may have a pulse, while ventricular fibrillation is pulseless.
Choice C Rationale:
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythm disorder characterized by rapid, irregular atrial electrical activity. This results in an irregular and often rapid heart rate. AF can be caused by a variety of factors, including high blood pressure, heart valve disease, coronary artery disease, and hyperthyroidism.
Key differentiating features: AF has an irregular, disorganized rhythm with no discernible P waves, while ventricular fibrillation is irregular and chaotic with no discernible QRS complexes. AF may have a pulse, while ventricular fibrillation is pulseless.
Choice D Rationale:
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) is a life-threatening heart rhythm that is characterized by rapid, disorganized electrical activity in the ventricles. This results in the heart muscle quivering instead of pumping blood effectively. VF is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation.
Key features: VF is characterized by an irregular, chaotic rhythm with no discernible QRS complexes on the ECG. It is also pulseless, meaning that there is no palpable pulse.
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