To prevent urinary tract infection, the nurse must teach the patient the following.

Select all that apply.

These are all measures that can help prevent urinary tract infection (UTI), which is an infection in any part of the urinary system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Choice A is wrong because holding the urge to urinate as much as possible can allow bacteria to grow in the bladder and cause infection.It is better to urinate frequently and completely to flush out any germs that may enter the urinary tract.

Choice B is correct because emptying the bladder before and after sexual intercourse can help remove any bacteria that may have been introduced during sex.Sexual activity is one of the common causes of UTI, especially in women.

Choice C is correct because taking antibiotics as ordered can help treat an existing UTI or prevent a recurrent one.Antibiotics are the first line of treatment for UTI and they work by killing the bacteria that cause the infection.

Choice D is correct because female patients should wipe from front to back after using the bathroom.This can prevent bacteria from the anus or fecal matter from spreading to the urethra and causing infection.

Choice E is correct because drinking 8 to 10 glasses of water a day can help dilute the urine and flush out any bacteria that may be present in the urinary tract.Water also helps maintain a healthy urinary system by keeping it hydrated and functioning well.

ACE inhibitors are a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. They work by blocking the production of a hormone called angiotensin II, which narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure.By preventing this hormone from acting, ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. One of the most common side effects of ACE inhibitors is a dry cough, which occurs in 12–19% of people who take them. The cough is caused by the accumulation of a substance called bradykinin, which is normally broken down by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).When ACE is inhibited, bradykinin levels increase and cause irritation and inflammation in the airways.

Choice A is wrong because decreased white blood cells are not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may develop a condition called neutropenia, which is a low level of a type of white blood cell called neutrophils.This can increase the risk of infections and may require stopping the medication.

Choice B is wrong because swelling of the face and lips is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may develop a rare but serious allergic reaction called angioedema, which is a swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and mucous membranes.

This can affect the face, lips, tongue, throat, or other parts of the body and can cause difficulty breathing or swallowing.Angioedema can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Choice D is wrong because renal failure is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may experience a decrease in kidney function or an increase in blood levels of creatinine, which is a waste product filtered by the kidneys.