This sentence appears in which section of a research study report? "Distress after a natural disaster was high at 3 months and decreased monthly for a majority of the participants, although one-third of the survivors had higher distress at 13 months than at 3 months.
Review of the literature.
Methodology.
Results.
Discussion.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
The review of the literature section provides an overview of existing research and background information related to the study's topic. It does not typically present study findings or results.
Choice B rationale:
The methodology section outlines the research methods, design, and procedures used in the study but does not present the study's actual findings.
Choice C rationale:
This is the correct answer. The sentence, "Distress after a natural disaster was high at 3 months and decreased monthly for a majority of the participants, although one-third of the survivors had higher distress at 13 months than at 3 months," appears in the results section. This section is dedicated to presenting the study's empirical findings and data.
Choice D rationale:
The discussion section is where researchers interpret and discuss the implications of their study's findings. It does not typically present the actual findings or data.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Interviewing clients to determine if they remembered concepts taught preoperatively does not represent the first step in identifying previous research studies. It focuses on assessing the retention of teaching rather than reviewing existing literature.
Choice B rationale:
Reading full-text articles in nursing journals about designing client teaching sessions is valuable but not the first step in identifying previous research studies. It focuses on teaching session design rather than the literature review process.
Choice C rationale:
Asking orthopedic surgeons about topics to cover preoperatively with clients is a form of expert consultation but does not represent the first step in identifying previous research studies. It involves seeking expert input rather than reviewing existing literature.
Choice D rationale:
This is the correct answer. Reviewing research abstracts on preoperative teaching with a similar client population is typically the first step in conducting a literature review. It allows the nurse to identify relevant research studies that have investigated the effectiveness of preoperative teaching in a similar context.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D rationale:
The data distribution was skewed instead of conformed to a normal curve. Parametric statistics, such as t-tests and ANOVA, assume that the data are normally distributed. When the data distribution is skewed, it violates the assumption of normality, which can affect the validity of parametric tests. Researchers should explain this limitation when reporting the study's findings.
Choice A rationale:
Collecting ratio-level data is not a limitation; in fact, it provides more information and precision than ordinal- or interval-level data.
Choice B rationale:
Finding no statistical significance in the analysis of data is not a limitation in itself but rather a result of the analysis. It may indicate that the study did not find a significant effect, but this is not a limitation of using parametric statistics.
Choice C rationale:
Having a sample considered representative of the population of interest is not a limitation but a strength of the study, as it enhances external validity.
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