Which statement should be found in the results section of a research article?

The correct answer is Choice A.

Choice A rationale: The nurse-manager’s process for IV insertions on a surgical unit is an example ofEvidence-based practice. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. In this case, the nurse-manager is using the findings from several multi-institutional studies as the basis for their decision to require RNs to cleanse all peripheral insertion sites with both alcohol and an iodine-based cleanser before starting an IV. This practice was adopted because the studies found a statistically significant decrease in IV-related septicaemia rates for surgical clients when both alcohol and iodine were used as cleansers as compared with those who had alcohol-only cleansing prior to IV insertions. This is a clear example of using current best evidence to guide practice, which is the essence of EBP.

Choice B rationale: While standards-related processes are important in healthcare, they are not the primary focus in this scenario. Standards-related processes typically involve following established guidelines or protocols that have been set by a governing body or institution. In this case, the nurse-manager is not simply following a standard process, but is instead using evidence from research to inform their practice. Therefore, this is not the best answer.

Choice C rationale: Theory-based practice involves using nursing theories to guide care and practice. While theories can be used in conjunction with evidence-based practice, the nurse-manager in this scenario is not explicitly using a nursing theory to guide their decision-making process. Instead, they are using evidence from research studies. Therefore, this is not the best answer.

Choice D rationale: Outcome-oriented processes focus on the results or outcomes of care. While the nurse-manager is certainly interested in improving outcomes (in this case, reducing IV-related septicaemia rates), the focus in this scenario is more on the use of evidence to guide practice rather than on the outcomes themselves. Therefore, this is not the best answer.

Qualitative research is the most likely research design for this study. Qualitative research is a type of research that explores and describes the meanings, experiences, and perspectives of human phenomena. Qualitative research does not aim to test hypotheses or measure variables, but rather to generate rich and in-depth data that can be analyzed using various methods, such as thematic analysis, content analysis, or grounded theory. Qualitative research often uses purposive or convenience sampling, which means that the researcher selects participants who can provide relevant and diverse information about the phenomenon of interest. Qualitative research also often uses an iterative or emergent design, which means that the researcher adjusts the research questions, methods, and sampling strategies as the data collection and analysis progress. Therefore, it is possible that the number of subjects in a qualitative study increased between the time the study was begun and the date the researcher concluded the data collection, as the researcher may have identified new or additional participants who could contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon.

Quasi-experimental research is a type of research that examines the effects of an intervention or treatment on an outcome variable using a non-randomized or pre-existing group design. Quasi- experimental research aims to test hypotheses and measure variables using statistical analysis, such as analysis of variance or regression. Quasi-experimental research usually uses fixed or predetermined sampling and design strategies, which means that the researcher decides the number and characteristics of participants and groups before starting the data collection. Therefore, it is unlikely that the number of subjects in a quasi-experimental study increased between the time the study was begun and the date the researcher concluded the data collection, as this would compromise the validity and reliability of the study.

Experimental research is a type of research that examines the effects of an intervention or treatment on an outcome variable using a randomized controlled trial design. Experimental research aims to test hypotheses and measure variables using statistical analysis, such as analysis of variance or regression. Experimental research usually uses fixed or predetermined sampling and design strategies, which means that the researcher decides the number and characteristics of participants and groups before starting the data collection. Therefore, it is unlikely that the number of subjects in an experimental study increased

between the time the study was begun and the date the researcher concluded the data collection, as this would compromise the validity and reliability of the study.

Quantitative research is a broad term that encompasses both quasi-experimental and experimental research, as well as other types of research that use numerical data and statistical analysis to answer research questions. Quantitative research usually uses fixed or predetermined sampling and design strategies, which means that the researcher decides the number and characteristics of participants and groups before starting the data collection. Therefore, it is unlikely that the number of subjects in a quantitative study increased between the time the study was begun and the date the researcher concluded the data collection, as this would compromise the validity and reliability of the study.