While a study is in progress that is designed to analyze the effects of three types of assistive devices used by clients with Parkinson's disease when ambulating, a new walker is introduced to the market and several of the subjects begin using the new walker.
Based on this occurrence, which statement is accurate?
A measurement error has occurred and a new sample should be obtained for the study using a double-blind approach to enhance randomization.
Manipulation of the dependent variable poses a threat to the external validity of the study, so inferences from the study are applicable to the sample only.
A threat to the internal validity of the study has occurred because a factor outside those examined may have affected the outcome or dependent variable.
Because a selection bias has occurred, inferences made from the analysis of findings cannot be applied to the entire Parkinson's population at large.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
A measurement error does not seem to be the primary issue in this scenario. While improving randomization through a double-blind approach can enhance the study's internal validity, the core problem here is not a measurement error but the introduction of a new walker, which could introduce confounding variables.
Choice B rationale:
While manipulation of the dependent variable can indeed pose a threat to external validity, it is not the primary concern in this case. The primary issue is the potential for confounding due to the introduction of a new walker, which affects the study's internal validity.
Choice C rationale:
This is the correct answer. The introduction of a new walker is an external factor that was not controlled for in the study. It can introduce confounding variables that affect the study's internal validity. Therefore, a threat to internal validity has occurred.
Choice D rationale:
Selection bias is not the primary issue here. The primary concern is the introduction of a new walker affecting the study's internal validity. Selection bias pertains to the process of selecting subjects and does not directly address the impact of the new walker on the study's validity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D rationale:
A randomized controlled trial that concluded individual and group education achieve similar results. Rationale: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of interventions. In this case, an RCT concluded that individual and group education achieve similar results, providing strong evidence for decision-making in the diabetes management clinic.
Choice A rationale:
A descriptive study that found a positive link between individual teaching and blood glucose levels. Rationale: Descriptive studies provide valuable information but do not establish causal relationships. A positive link between individual teaching and blood glucose levels may suggest an association but does not necessarily demonstrate effectiveness.
Choice B rationale:
A qualitative study that interviewed subjects and found that they preferred individual education. Rationale: Qualitative studies explore preferences and experiences but do not typically provide evidence of effectiveness in terms of health outcomes or clinical practice.
Choice C rationale:
A cost analysis study that determined group education was less costly than individual education. Rationale: Cost analysis studies focus on economic aspects and cost-effectiveness but may not address clinical effectiveness or outcomes. The best evidence for clinical decision-making typically comes from RCTs.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Interviewing clients to determine if they remembered concepts taught preoperatively does not represent the first step in identifying previous research studies. It focuses on assessing the retention of teaching rather than reviewing existing literature.
Choice B rationale:
Reading full-text articles in nursing journals about designing client teaching sessions is valuable but not the first step in identifying previous research studies. It focuses on teaching session design rather than the literature review process.
Choice C rationale:
Asking orthopedic surgeons about topics to cover preoperatively with clients is a form of expert consultation but does not represent the first step in identifying previous research studies. It involves seeking expert input rather than reviewing existing literature.
Choice D rationale:
This is the correct answer. Reviewing research abstracts on preoperative teaching with a similar client population is typically the first step in conducting a literature review. It allows the nurse to identify relevant research studies that have investigated the effectiveness of preoperative teaching in a similar context.
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