A nurse who works in a gerontology clinic is asked to examine the effectiveness of Vitamin D in improving bone mineral density among older clients. The nurse evaluates four recent studies on the topic.
Which study provides the best evidence to support the use of vitamin D?
A meta-analysis that concluded that bone density improved among individuals who took Vitamin D.
A cross-sectional study that found a strong relationship between Vitamin D intake and bone density.
A cohort study that concluded low levels of Vitamin D were linked to decreased bone mineral density.
A time series design study that reported that those who took Vitamin D had improved bone density.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
A meta-analysis that concluded that bone density improved among individuals who took Vitamin D. Rationale: A meta-analysis provides the highest level of evidence among the options listed. It synthesizes data from multiple studies, often randomized controlled trials (RCTs), to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of an intervention. In this case, the meta-analysis concluded that bone density improved among individuals who took Vitamin D, suggesting strong evidence to support its use.
Choice B rationale:
A cross-sectional study that found a strong relationship between Vitamin D intake and bone density. Rationale: Cross-sectional studies can identify associations between variables but cannot establish causality. While this study found a strong relationship, it does not provide as strong evidence as a meta-analysis of RCTs.
Choice C rationale:
A cohort study that concluded low levels of Vitamin D were linked to decreased bone mineral density. Rationale: Cohort studies can provide valuable evidence, but they may have limitations, such as confounding variables. While this study suggested a link, it may not be as robust as a meta-analysis of RCTs.
Choice D rationale:
A time series design study that reported that those who took Vitamin D had improved bone density. Rationale: Time series designs can be useful for assessing changes over time, but they may have limitations in terms of establishing causality. Additionally, the strength of evidence from a single time series study may not be as high as that from a meta-analysis of multiple RCTs.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D,B,C,A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The analysis of findings typically comes after the discussion section in a research report. In the analysis section, the researcher presents and interprets the results of the study.
Choice B rationale:
The methodology section should follow the review of the literature as it provides a detailed description of the research methods and design used in the study. Readers need to understand the context and background from the literature review before delving into the methodology.
Choice C rationale:
The discussion section should come after the methodology section. In the discussion, the researcher analyzes and interprets the results, compares them to existing literature, and discusses their implications.
Choice D rationale:
The review of the literature should be the first section of the research report, providing an overview of relevant prior research and setting the context for the study. It helps readers understand the existing knowledge in the field before moving on to the study's methodology, findings, and discussion.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
In the statement, the purpose of the research study is to examine barriers and aids to maintaining the nutritional health of community-dwelling elderly residents. "Nutritional health" is the concept or outcome that the study aims to understand or explore, making it the dependent variable. The study seeks to explore how various factors (barriers and aids) influence or affect nutritional health in elderly residents.
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