The nurse is conducting a research study on the effects of back massage on older adults. Baseline pulse and blood pressure measurements are obtained for each subject. One-half of the subjects receive a back massage, and the other half does not. Three sets of blood pressure and pulse measurements are taken on all subjects following the back massage received by one-half of the subjects. Ten minutes are spent with each subject while taking these measurements.
What is the independent variable?
Older adults.
Back massage.
Blood pressure and pulse measurements.
Time spent with each client.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice B rationale:
Back massage. Rationale: In an experimental design, the independent variable is the one that is manipulated or changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this study, one group of subjects receives a back massage, while the other group does not. Therefore, the independent variable is the administration of a back massage.
Choice A rationale:
Older adults. Rationale: Older adults are the population being studied, but they are not the variable being manipulated in the experiment. They are a part of the study's population.
Choice C rationale:
Blood pressure and pulse measurements. Rationale: Blood pressure and pulse measurements are the dependent variables in this study. They are being measured to assess the effect of the independent variable (back massage) on these physiological parameters.
Choice D rationale:
Time spent with each client. Rationale: The time spent with each client is not the variable being manipulated in the experiment. It may be a controlled variable or a factor that is observed but not manipulated.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Providing all smoking adolescents in the three high schools with Program A is not a justified action based solely on the effectiveness of Program A in this study. While Program A may have shown better results than Program B in this specific context, it does not necessarily mean it's the most effective program overall. Implementing such a decision without further investigation could be premature and may not consider individual variations and preferences among adolescents.
Choice B rationale:
Investigating the effectiveness of other smoking cessation programs is the most appropriate action. While Program A showed better results in this particular study, it's essential to explore a variety of smoking cessation programs to determine the most effective and suitable options for different individuals. Research should continuously seek to improve interventions and provide evidence-based recommendations.
Choice C rationale:
Replicating the study using adolescents from across the United States may not be the best course of action at this stage. The study was conducted in the American southeast, and its findings may not be directly applicable to adolescents from different regions with potentially varying demographics and smoking behaviors. It would be more appropriate to conduct studies or meta-analyses that examine the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs on a broader scale.
Choice D rationale:
Surveying the adolescents' families to determine how many family members smoke is not directly related to the comparison of the two smoking cessation programs (Program A and Program B). While family influences can be important in smoking cessation, this action does not address the immediate need to determine the most effective program among the two options being compared.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
An operational definition of a variable. Rationale: The statement provides an operational definition of the variable "cultural self-efficacy" by explaining how it is assessed, which is through the "Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale." An operational definition specifies how a variable will be measured or assessed in a research study.
Choice B rationale:
The introduction to a quantitative design is not accurate. This statement does not introduce a specific quantitative research design; it defines a variable and its measurement method.
Choice C rationale:
A conceptual definition of a variable is not accurate. The statement goes beyond providing a conceptual definition by specifying the measurement tool used to assess the variable.
Choice D rationale:
The theoretical framework is not discussed in the statement. It focuses on the operational definition of a variable rather than presenting a theoretical framework.
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