This procedure allows us to identify fetal lie, presentation, and engagement:

Choice A rationale
X-ray is not used to identify fetal lie, presentation, and engagement due to the risk of fetal radiation exposure. Other techniques provide safer, non-invasive assessments.
Choice B rationale
Robert’s Procedure is not a recognized technique for assessing fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. It lacks scientific evidence and validation in clinical practice.
Choice C rationale
McRobert’s Maneuvers are primarily used to resolve shoulder dystocia during delivery, not to assess fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. They are emergency measures rather than diagnostic tools.
Choice D rationale
Leopold’s Maneuvers are systematic palpations of the maternal abdomen to identify fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. This non-invasive method helps determine the fetus’s position and orientation in the uterus.

Choice A rationale
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) maintains the corpus luteum, ensuring the continued production of progesterone and estrogen, which are crucial for maintaining pregnancy.
Choice B rationale
Testosterone is not produced by the placenta during pregnancy, but is rather a male sex hormone produced primarily by the testes in males and small amounts by the ovaries in females.
Choice C rationale
Insulin is not produced by the placenta; it is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels in the mother's body during pregnancy.
Choice D rationale
Estrogen produced by the placenta stimulates the growth of the uterus and helps regulate various functions essential for a healthy pregnancy.
Choice E rationale
Progesterone produced by the placenta helps maintain the uterine lining, reduces uterine contractions, and supports a favorable environment for fetal development throughout pregnancy.