The factors that affect the process of labor and birth, known commonly as the five Ps, include all except:

Powers.

Passenger.

Pressure.

Passageway.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
Uterine contractions (powers) are essential for cervical dilation and fetal descent. They are involuntary smooth muscle contractions regulated by oxytocin and prostaglandins.
Choice B rationale
The fetus (passenger) significantly influences labor progression. Fetal size, position, and presentation affect the ease of passage through the birth canal.
Choice C rationale
Pressure is not considered one of the five Ps affecting labor and birth. The five Ps are powers, passenger, passageway, position, and psychological response.
Choice D rationale
The birth canal (passageway) includes the bony pelvis and soft tissues, which must adapt to allow the fetus to pass through during labor.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Terbutaline is a beta-agonist used to relax uterine muscles and delay preterm labor, not to augment labor in term pregnancies. It is not indicated for labor augmentation.
Choice B rationale
Betamethasone is a corticosteroid given to enhance fetal lung maturity in preterm pregnancies. It is not used to augment labor in term pregnancies, as it does not stimulate uterine contractions.
Choice C rationale
Pitocin (oxytocin) is a synthetic form of the natural hormone oxytocin. It stimulates uterine contractions and is commonly used to induce or augment labor in term pregnancies.
Choice D rationale
Magnesium sulfate is used primarily to prevent seizures in women with preeclampsia and to provide neuroprotection to preterm infants. It does not help augment labor contractions.

A. This ointment prevents the infant’s eyelids from sticking together and helps the infant see. B. This ophthalmic ointment prevents gonorrheal infection of the infant’s eyes, potentially acquired from the birth canal. C. Erythromycin prevents potentially harmful exudate from invading the tear ducts of the infant’s eyes, leading to dry eyes. D. Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment destroys an infectious exudate caused by Staphylococcus that could make the infant blind.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment does not prevent the infant's eyelids from sticking together; it is not its primary purpose and does not aid in vision enhancement.
Choice B rationale
Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment is used to prevent gonorrheal infection acquired during birth, protecting the infant’s eyes from potential infection that can cause blindness.
Choice C rationale
Erythromycin does not prevent exudate from invading the tear ducts, nor does it lead to dry eyes. Its primary function is antimicrobial.
Choice D rationale
Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment is not specific to Staphylococcus and does not directly destroy infectious exudate. It prevents infections like gonorrhea.

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The factors that affect the process of labor and birth, known commonly as the five Ps, include all except:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is admitted to the Labor & Delivery unit at 39 weeks. She is 5/60/-2. After several hours she is at 5/70/-2. What can be given to help augment her labor?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A new father wants to know what medication was put into his infant’s eyes and why it is needed. How does the nurse explain the purpose of the erythromycin ophthalmic ointment?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A multipara in latent phase of labor experiences spontaneous rupture of membranes while walking. Which is the first priority nursing action?

The most common cause of decreased variability in the FHR that lasts 20 minutes or less is:

A physician writes the following order: administer ampicillin 1 g IV every 4 hours until delivery for a newly admitted client with ruptured membranes. The client had positive vaginal and rectal cultures for GBS+ at 36 weeks gestation. Which of the following is a rationale for this order?

The slight overlapping of cranial bones or shaping of the fetal head during labor is called:

This procedure allows us to identify fetal lie, presentation, and engagement:

The nurse places a Toco (tocodynamometer) on a client admitted in early labor. The nurse explains to the client that this device provides an accurate assessment of which of the following:

Which occurrence is related to cervical dilation and effacement?