The registered nurse is discussing care of an infant diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with a nursing student. The registered nurse determines that the nursing student needs further teaching regarding a PDA when the student states that which circulatory change is a characteristic of this disorder?

A. "Has the child had any difficulty swallowing food?"
Explanation:
One potential long-term effect of cleft palate repair is difficulty with swallowing or feeding. Cleft palate repair aims to improve the child's ability to eat and speak, but some children may continue to face challenges with swallowing or have a history of difficulty feeding.
B. "Does the child play with an imaginary friend?"
Explanation: Imaginary play is not specifically related to the long-term effects of cleft palate repair. This question does not provide information about the physical outcomes of the surgical repair.
C. "Does the child respond when called by name?"
Explanation: Responsiveness to being called by name is a general developmental question but does not specifically address the long-term effects of cleft palate repair.
D. "Was the child recently treated for pneumonia?"
Explanation: While respiratory issues can be associated with cleft palate, this question focuses on a recent event rather than the long-term effects. Asking about difficulty swallowing or feeding may provide more information about ongoing concerns related to the cleft palate repair.

A. "Carry a water bottle with me because I drink a lot of water."
Explanation: Staying hydrated is crucial, especially for individuals with paralysis who may be prone to urinary issues. Carrying a water bottle is a good practice to maintain adequate hydration.
B. "Use a suppository every night to have a bowel movement."
Explanation: Using a suppository for regular bowel movements is a positive self-care behavior. It helps manage bowel care, which is important for individuals with paralysis.
C. "I do wheelchair exercises while watching TV."
Explanation: Engaging in wheelchair exercises to maintain mobility is a positive self-care behavior. It helps prevent complications related to being sedentary, such as muscle atrophy.
D. "I only need to catheterize myself twice every day."
Explanation: This statement may indicate a need for further teaching. Individuals with paralysis, especially due to conditions like spina bifida, often have neurogenic bladder dysfunction. They typically require more frequent catheterization, potentially every 4-6 hours, to ensure adequate bladder emptying and reduce the risk of complications like urinary tract infections (UTIs) or bladder infections.