The practical nurse (PN) is reviewing home care instructions with the mother of a young girl with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which information reported by the mother demonstrates understanding of home care for the child?

A. 50% dextrose
50% dextrose is not isotonic; it is a hypertonic solution. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cells, causing water to move out of the cells and into the extracellular space, which does not treat fluid volume deficit effectively.
B. 0.45% sodium chloride
0.45% sodium chloride, also known as half-normal saline, is a hypotonic solution. Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cells, which would cause water to move into the cells rather than stay in the extracellular space to address fluid volume deficit.
C. 20% dextrose
20% dextrose is a hypertonic solution. It contains a higher concentration of dextrose compared to the extracellular fluid, which draws water into the extracellular space but is not used for treating fluid volume deficits.
D. 5% dextrose
5% dextrose (D5W) is initially isotonic but becomes hypotonic once metabolized, as the dextrose is used up and only water remains. It is not suitable for continuous isotonic fluid therapy for fluid volume deficit.
E. 5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride
5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution. While it starts isotonic, it becomes hypotonic once the dextrose is metabolized, making it unsuitable for long-term isotonic fluid replacement.
F. 5% dextrose with lactated Ringer's
5% dextrose with lactated Ringer's is a hypertonic solution. It contains both dextrose and electrolytes, which are not purely isotonic and may not be ideal for addressing fluid volume deficits on their own.
G. Lactated Ringer's
Lactated Ringer's is an isotonic solution. It has a similar osmolarity to plasma and is used for fluid volume replacement, helping to restore blood volume and maintain electrolyte balance.
H. 0.9% sodium chloride
0.9% sodium chloride, or normal saline, is an isotonic solution. It has the same osmolarity as plasma and is commonly used for fluid volume replacement and maintaining hydration

A. While it’s important to keep the client calm, this task may not be the most critical or appropriate for a UAP in an emergency situation. The nurse typically leads in managing the client's immediate needs.
B. This is a crucial task because the PN will need sterile supplies (e.g., sterile saline, dressings) to manage the evisceration. The UAP can efficiently gather these supplies, allowing the PN to focus on assessing the client and providing immediate care. This delegation is appropriate because it helps expedite the response to a critical situation.
C. Covering the wound is a critical step in managing evisceration, which should be performed by the PN to ensure it is done correctly and to maintain sterile technique. The PN is responsible for the clinical management of the emergency.
D. Repositioning the client could exacerbate the situation or delay necessary interventions. The PN must assess and manage the evisceration while ensuring the client remains as stable as possible.