The parents of a child with Wilms tumor ask the nurse why surgery is necessary before a biopsy is performed. Which information should the nurse provide?

The adolescent client's symptoms of localized pain, swelling, and tenderness, particularly at night, are suggestive of a malignancy such as osteosarcoma, which is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents.

Radial ossification in the soft tissues is a characteristic finding in osteosarcoma and is indicative of bone production by malignant cells. Other imaging modalities, such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may also reveal osteolytic or osteoblastic lesions in the bone.

Growing pains are a common, benign condition that occur in children and do not typically present with the

symptoms described in the case scenario.

Rhabdomyolysis is a medical emergency that involves the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue and release of muscle fiber contents into the bloodstream. It can present with muscle pain, swelling, and tenderness, but typically occurs as a result of injury, infection, or drug toxicity.

Hemosiderosis is a rare condition characterized by the accumulation of iron in various tissues, including the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It may present with symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, and abdominal pain, but is not typically associated with the symptoms and imaging findings described in the case scenario.

Therefore, the nurse should consider osteosarcoma as the probable cause of the adolescent client's symptoms and imaging findings, and should collaborate with the healthcare team to develop a plan of care for diagnosis and treatment.

Answer: B, D, F

Rationale:

A) Understanding that nonstimulant medications show little benefit in treatment: This is inaccurate, as nonstimulant medications like atomoxetine can be effective for ADHD, especially in children who may not tolerate stimulants. Nonstimulants are often considered a viable alternative or adjunctive treatment.

B) Designating an established area for study: Creating a dedicated study space can help a child with ADHD focus on tasks and minimize distractions, which is beneficial for completing homework and improving concentration in a structured environment.

C) Anticipating being automatically entered into a specialized education plan: An Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or 504 Plan for ADHD is not automatic and typically requires evaluation and recommendation from school staff. The plan is individualized based on the child’s specific needs.

D) Knowing that medication is not always the best approach to treatment: Recognizing that treatment can involve behavioral interventions, counseling, and environmental adjustments, in addition to or instead of medication, reflects a balanced understanding of ADHD management.

F) Maintaining a consistent home schedule: Consistent routines help children with ADHD manage expectations and reduce stress, enhancing their ability to focus and transition smoothly between activities.