The nurse understands that certain patients are more susceptible to pressure ulcer development. Which clients should the nurse identify as being at an increased risk for this health problem? Select all that apply.

A. "I will reduce my intake of vitamin K-rich foods."
Vitamin K is essential for bone health as it helps in the regulation of calcium within bones and blood vessels. Therefore, reducing the intake of vitamin K-rich foods would not be beneficial for preventing osteoporosis. In fact, adequate intake of vitamin K is important for bone health.

B. "I will limit my intake of soft drinks." - Soft drinks, especially cola beverages, contain phosphoric acid, which can leach calcium from bones, making them weaker and more susceptible to fractures.

C. "I will reduce my intake of sodium." - High sodium intake can lead to increased calcium excretion in the urine, potentially weakening bones over time. Reducing sodium intake can help in preventing bone loss.

D. "I will decrease my intake of caffeine." - Excessive caffeine consumption can interfere with calcium absorption, contributing to bone loss. Decreasing caffeine intake is advisable for maintaining bone health.

A. "I will need to drink apple cider vinegar each day."

This statement is incorrect. Drinking apple cider vinegar is not a proven method to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). The client does not need to consume apple cider vinegar as a preventive measure for UTIs.
B. “I will need to wipe my perineal area from back to front after urination."

This statement is incorrect and indicates a need for further teaching. Proper hygiene is essential in preventing UTIs, and wiping from back to front can introduce bacteria from the anal area to the urethra, increasing the risk of UTIs. The correct technique is to wipe from front to back after urination to prevent the spread of bacteria.
C. “I need to drink 8 cups of liquid each day."

This statement is correct. Staying well-hydrated by drinking an adequate amount of fluids, such as 8 cups of liquid each day, can help flush out bacteria from the urinary tract and reduce the risk of UTIs. Proper hydration is a good preventive measure.
D. "I will need to empty my bladder regularly and completely.”

This statement is correct. Emptying the bladder regularly and completely helps prevent the accumulation of bacteria in the urinary tract. Incomplete emptying of the bladder can allow bacteria to multiply, increasing the risk of UTIs. Regular and thorough emptying of the bladder is an important preventive measure against UTIs.