The nurse understands causes of respiratory acidosis include: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Respiratory Acidosis:
Explanation: Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide, leading to an increase in PaCO2 and a decrease in blood pH. This is typically associated with conditions that impair ventilation.

B. Metabolic Alkalosis:
Explanation: Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an elevated blood pH and bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration. It is not directly caused by hyperventilation but is often associated with conditions such as excessive vomiting or excessive bicarbonate intake.

C. Metabolic Acidosis:
Explanation: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decrease in blood pH and bicarbonate concentration. It is not directly caused by hyperventilation but may result from conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis.

D. Respiratory Alkalosis:
Explanation: Hyperventilation is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis. During hyperventilation, there is an excessive loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) through rapid breathing, leading to a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the blood. This results in an increase in blood pH, causing an alkalotic state.

A. I will report nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea to my primary care provider.
Correct Understanding: This is correct. Reporting these symptoms is essential because illness, especially with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, can impact blood glucose levels.

B. I should avoid carbohydrates when I'm sick.
Need for Further Teaching: During illness, it's important to continue consuming carbohydrates. However, the type and amount of carbohydrates might need to be adjusted. Patients should consult their healthcare providers for guidance on managing carbohydrate intake during illness.

C. I should stop taking my insulin or oral antidiabetic agents.
Need for Further Teaching: It is not advisable to stop insulin or oral antidiabetic agents during illness. In fact, these medications often need to be continued, with potential adjustments made under the guidance of healthcare providers.

D. I will test my blood glucose and test urine ketones every 3 to 4 hours.
Correct Understanding: This is correct. Regular monitoring of blood glucose and urine ketones during illness is crucial for managing diabetes and detecting any potential complications.

E. I will continue taking my insulin or oral antidiabetic agents as usual.
Correct Understanding: This is correct. It's important to continue taking insulin or oral antidiabetic agents during illness to help manage blood glucose levels.