The nurse understands causes of respiratory acidosis include: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

asthma

hyperventilation

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

renal insufficiency

pneumonia

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,E

A. Asthma:
Explanation: Asthma is associated with respiratory alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis. In asthma, there is often hyperventilation leading to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels.

B. Hyperventilation:
Explanation: Correct. Hyperventilation can cause respiratory alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis. It leads to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels.

C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD):
Explanation: Correct. Conditions like COPD can lead to respiratory acidosis. In COPD, there is impaired ventilation, leading to an accumulation of carbon dioxide.

D. Renal insufficiency:
Explanation: Renal insufficiency is not a direct cause of respiratory acidosis. Respiratory acidosis is primarily related to respiratory system dysfunction.

E. Pneumonia:
Explanation: Correct. Pneumonia can cause respiratory acidosis. In pneumonia, there may be difficulty in eliminating carbon dioxide due to impaired gas exchange.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The need to monitor urine for the presence of albumin:
Explanation: Monitoring urine for albumin is more associated with microvascular complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy. When the kidneys are affected, albumin may leak into the urine. This is not a macrovascular complication.

B. The relationship between kidney function and blood glucose levels:
Explanation: The relationship between kidney function and blood glucose levels is important, but it is more directly related to microvascular complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy. High blood glucose levels over time can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys.

C. The need for frequent eye examinations for clients with diabetes:
Explanation: This is related to microvascular complications, specifically diabetic retinopathy. Changes in the small blood vessels of the retina can lead to vision problems. While important, it's not directly addressing macrovascular complications.

D. The fact that clients with diabetes have an elevated risk of myocardial infarction:
Explanation: This is the correct answer. Macrovascular complications involve large blood vessels and are associated with conditions such as coronary artery disease, which increases the risk of myocardial infarction in individuals with diabetes.

A. "Diet, exercise and oral medications can be effective. I will ask the physician to prescribe Metformin" B. "Your body does not produce insulin, and the only treatment is injected insulin" C. "Glucophage can help your body better utilize the insulin secreted by the pancreas" D. "Initially, you will need injections, but after your body adjusts to the insulin, you can switch to Metformin"

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Diet, exercise, and oral medications can be effective. I will ask the physician to prescribe Metformin":
Explanation: This statement is not accurate for type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results from the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin, so oral medications like Metformin, which work to increase insulin sensitivity or reduce glucose production in the liver, are not effective. Insulin replacement is the mainstay of treatment for type 1 diabetes.

B. "Your body does not produce insulin, and the only treatment is injected insulin":
Explanation: This is the correct statement. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin or produces very little, and insulin cannot be taken orally because it would be broken down in the digestive system. Therefore, injections are the primary and necessary mode of insulin delivery.

C. "Glucophage can help your body better utilize the insulin secreted by the pancreas":
Explanation: This statement is more applicable to type 2 diabetes, where the pancreas may still produce insulin, but the body's cells are resistant to its effects. In type 1 diabetes, the issue is a lack of insulin production, so medications to improve insulin utilization are not relevant.

D. "Initially, you will need injections, but after your body adjusts to the insulin, you can switch to Metformin":
Explanation: This is not accurate for type 1 diabetes. The need for insulin in type 1 diabetes is not something the body adjusts to over time. Insulin is a lifelong requirement for individuals with type 1 diabetes, and it cannot be replaced by oral medications like Metformin.

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The nurse understands causes of respiratory acidosis include: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is discussing macrovascular complications of diabetes with a client. The nurse would address what topic during this dialogue?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes states he is not comfortable with self-injections and asks the nurse if oral an anti- diabetic agent can be prescribed instead. Which of the following responses from the nurse is appropriate?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is monitoring a client who was diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and is being treated with NPH and regular insulin. Which manifestations alert the nurse to the presence of a possible hypoglycemic reaction? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

The nurse reviews the blood gas results of a client with atelectasis. The nurse analyzes the results and determines that the client is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which results validate the nurse's findings?

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A nurse is caring for a patient with Addison's Disease. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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