The nurse understands causes of respiratory acidosis include: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
asthma
hyperventilation
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
renal insufficiency
pneumonia
Correct Answer : C,E
A. Asthma:
Explanation: Asthma is associated with respiratory alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis. In asthma, there is often hyperventilation leading to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels.
B. Hyperventilation:
Explanation: Correct. Hyperventilation can cause respiratory alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis. It leads to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels.
C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD):
Explanation: Correct. Conditions like COPD can lead to respiratory acidosis. In COPD, there is impaired ventilation, leading to an accumulation of carbon dioxide.
D. Renal insufficiency:
Explanation: Renal insufficiency is not a direct cause of respiratory acidosis. Respiratory acidosis is primarily related to respiratory system dysfunction.
E. Pneumonia:
Explanation: Correct. Pneumonia can cause respiratory acidosis. In pneumonia, there may be difficulty in eliminating carbon dioxide due to impaired gas exchange.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and low bicarbonate (HCO3) level. In this case, the pH is low (indicating acidosis), but the bicarbonate level is within the normal range, which is inconsistent with metabolic acidosis.
B. Respiratory Acidosis
This is correct. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by an elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), leading to a decrease in pH. The ABG values in this case indicate elevated PaCO2 and a low pH, consistent with respiratory acidosis.
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and high bicarbonate (HCO3) level. In this case, the pH is low (indicating acidosis), which is inconsistent with metabolic alkalosis.
D. Respiratory Alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a low partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and a high pH. In this case, the PaCO2 is elevated, which is inconsistent with respiratory alkalosis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Persistently cold feet:
This may be a sign of poor circulation, which is more associated with peripheral vascular disease than neuropathy.
B. Acute pain, unrelieved by rest:
Acute pain is not typically associated with peripheral neuropathy. Neuropathic pain is often chronic and may include sensations like tingling or burning.
C. The presence of a tingling sensation:
This is correct. Tingling sensations, along with numbness and pain, are common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes.
D. Pain that does not respond to analgesia:
While neuropathic pain can be challenging to manage, the primary focus is on the characteristic nature of the pain (tingling, burning) rather than its response to analgesics.
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