The nurse takes into consideration that when the patient has an order for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), the pump will be programmed by the:

primary care provider.

pharmaceutical company.

registered nurse.

LPN/LVN.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:
The primary care provider (PCP) is responsible for prescribing the PCA but does not typically program the PCA pump. The PCP may set the initial parameters for the PCA, such as the dose and lockout interval, but the actual programming and operation of the PCA pump is typically carried out by the nursing staff.
Choice B rationale:
Pharmaceutical companies manufacture and provide medications, including the medications used in PCA, but they do not program PCA pumps. Programming and administration of the PCA are nursing responsibilities.
Choice D rationale:
Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN) or Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVN) can assist in the administration and monitoring of PCA, but they do not typically program the PCA pump. Registered nurses are usually responsible for the programming and operation of PCA pumps.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Some older adults may indeed have concerns about taking pain medication, but this is not a primary reason for their hesitance to express pain. The fear of taking medication is not a universal characteristic of older adults.

Choice B rationale:

While older adults may be reluctant to bother nursing staff, this is not the primary reason for their reluctance to express pain. It is a consideration but not the main factor.

Choice C rationale:

The unawareness of discomfort is not a common reason for older adults to avoid expressing pain. Most older adults are aware of their discomfort but may not express it for other reasons.

Choice D rationale:

Older adults may have been culturally trained not to complain about pain or discomfort. In some cultures, stoicism and not burdening others with one's pain are highly valued. This cultural training can lead older adults to underreport their pain.

Choice E rationale:

Believing pain is a natural consequence of aging is a misconception, but it is not the primary reason why older adults may not express their pain. They may believe this, but cultural and societal factors have a more significant impact.

A. Excessive NREM sleep. B. Insomnia. C. Narcolepsy. D. Sleep apnea.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Excessive NREM sleep does not cause periodic pauses in breathing. NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) sleep consists of stages 1 through 4 and is characterized by a decrease in physiological activity, including a decrease in muscle tone. There is no direct association with breathing interruptions in NREM sleep.

Choice B rationale:

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, but it does not involve periodic pauses in breathing. It is unrelated to the symptoms described in the question.

Choice C rationale:

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden episodes of muscle weakness (cataplexy). It is not associated with periodic pauses in breathing, as described in the question.

Choice D rationale:

Sleep apnea is the correct answer. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of paused or shallow breathing during sleep. The patient may stop breathing for brief periods, then start breathing again. This pattern is consistent with the symptoms described in the question. Sleep apnea can have serious health implications and is important to recognize and address.

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The nurse takes into consideration that when the patient has an order for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), the pump will be programmed by the:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse attempts to help an 86-year-old patient describe his pain because the nurse is aware the older adult may not express pain because they:.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A sleeping patient has periodic pauses in breathing, then starts to breathe again.The nurse recognizes this sleep pattern is consistent with:.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

One thing the nurse would ask the patient to do to try to locate the reason for her insomnia is to:.

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