The nurse responds to the client's questions about CAM therapies and explains that some have been popular for centuries in treating conditions of the body and mind including which of the following? (Select All that Apply.)

A. Nausea and vomiting: Nausea and vomiting can occur with epoetin alfa, but it's not the most common side effect.

B. Orthostatic hypotension: This is not a common side effect of epoetin alfa. Orthostatic hypotension is a decrease in blood pressure upon standing.

C. Hypertension: Epoetin alfa stimulates the production of red blood cells. When the red blood cell count increases too quickly, it can lead to increased blood pressure, which is the most common adverse effect.

D. Dizziness: Dizziness can occur with epoetin alfa, but it's less common than hypertension.

A. Clotting at the incision site. Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots, particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), which are common complications following orthopedic surgeries like knee replacement. Monitoring for clotting at the incision site is essential to ensure that the medication is effectively preventing excessive clot formation while also ensuring that the patient does not experience excessive bleeding.

B. Increased pain. While increased pain could be a concern postoperatively, particularly after a surgical procedure like knee replacement, it is not a specific monitoring parameter for enoxaparin administration. Pain management is typically addressed separately, and increased pain may indicate issues such as inadequate analgesia, surgical complications, or other factors unrelated to enoxaparin therapy.

C. Gingival hyperplasia. Gingival hyperplasia refers to an overgrowth of gum tissue and is not directly associated with enoxaparin therapy. This side effect is more commonly associated with certain medications such as phenytoin and cyclosporine rather than anticoagulants like enoxaparin. Monitoring for gingival hyperplasia would not be relevant in this context.

D. Signs and symptoms of bruising and bleeding. This is the correct answer. Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant medication, which increases the risk of bleeding. Therefore, monitoring for signs and symptoms of bruising and bleeding is crucial to detect any potential complications such as hemorrhage or hematoma formation. This includes assessing for unusual bruising, bleeding from the gums, nosebleeds, hematuria, melena, or any other signs of internal or external bleeding. Prompt recognition and management of bleeding complications are essential to ensure patient safety during enoxaparin therapy, especially following orthopedic surgery.