The nurse recognizes that the difference between a voluntary and an involuntary commitment is what?

The voluntarily committed client usually has good insight into their mental health problems

An involuntarily committed client may not initiate their own discharge

An involuntarily committed client may refuse treatment

The voluntarily committed client is usually more aggressive

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Insight into mental health problems varies individually and is not a defining feature of voluntary versus involuntary commitment. Both types of patients may lack insight, especially in severe mental illness, making this statement inaccurate as a legal or procedural distinction between commitment types.

Choice B reason: Involuntary commitment, under laws like a 302, restricts a client’s ability to initiate discharge due to assessed danger to self or others. Voluntary clients can request discharge, though medical advice may apply. This legal distinction defines the difference, making it the correct answer.

Choice C reason: Involuntary clients cannot universally refuse treatment, as court-ordered interventions may apply in cases of imminent danger. Both voluntary and involuntary clients have rights to refuse non-emergent treatment, but this is not the primary legal distinction between commitment types, making this option incorrect.

Choice D reason: Aggression is not a defining characteristic of voluntary commitment. Both voluntary and involuntary clients may exhibit aggression, depending on their mental health condition. The distinction lies in legal control over discharge, not behavior, making this statement inaccurate for defining commitment types.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Defense mechanisms, like denial or projection, can strain relationships by avoiding honest communication or projecting blame, disrupting trust and emotional connection. While they may temporarily reduce anxiety, they hinder interpersonal dynamics, making this a negative outcome rather than a positive one in therapeutic interactions.

Choice B reason: Defense mechanisms can impair problem-solving by avoiding reality (e.g., denial) or displacing emotions, preventing rational analysis of issues. This leads to maladaptive coping, which does not address underlying problems, making it a negative consequence rather than a positive outcome of using defense mechanisms in mental health contexts.

Choice C reason: Defense mechanisms, such as repression or rationalization, temporarily reduce anxiety by shielding the individual from overwhelming emotions or stressors. By mitigating psychological distress, they provide short-term emotional relief, allowing the person to function under stress, making this a positive outcome when used adaptively in mental health management.

Choice D reason: Defense mechanisms can inhibit emotional growth by preventing individuals from confronting and processing emotions, leading to unresolved issues. Overreliance on mechanisms like avoidance stalls emotional development, hindering self-awareness and coping skills, making this a negative outcome rather than a positive benefit of defense mechanisms.

A. Hyperkalemia B. Urine output of 2000 mL in 24 hours C. Tachycardia D. Tenting of the skin

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: In the oliguric phase of AKI, kidney function is severely impaired, reducing potassium excretion. This leads to hyperkalemia, which disrupts cardiac electrical activity, potentially causing life-threatening arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Elevated potassium levels are a hallmark of this phase due to decreased glomerular filtration rate and impaired tubular secretion.

Choice B reason: Urine output of 2000 mL in 24 hours indicates polyuria, characteristic of the recovery phase of AKI, not the oliguric phase, where output is typically less than 400 mL/day. High urine output suggests restored renal function, which is not expected in the oliguric phase, where kidneys fail to filter adequately.

Choice C reason: Tachycardia may occur in AKI due to fluid overload causing increased cardiac workload or electrolyte imbalances like hyperkalemia affecting heart rhythm. However, it is a secondary symptom and less specific than hyperkalemia, which directly results from impaired renal excretion and poses a more immediate risk to cardiac function.

Choice D reason: Tenting of the skin indicates dehydration, which may precede AKI but is not typical in the oliguric phase, where fluid retention is more common due to reduced urine output. Fluid overload leads to edema, not dehydration, making skin tenting an unlikely finding in this phase of AKI.

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The nurse recognizes that the difference between a voluntary and an involuntary commitment is what?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The client has used defensive communicating with the nurse today. Which can be a positive outcome from the use of defense mechanisms?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client who is in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI). During this phase of AKI, the nurse might anticipate which of the following findings?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is in the diuresis phase of acute kidney injury. The nurse should closely monitor the client for what complication during this phase?

The client feels that the client’s rights have been violated. Placing a client in restraints before using other methods of intervention violates which of the client’s rights?

A nurse is reviewing an electronic medical record to determine if a client’s rights have been violated by another member of the healthcare team. Which finding will the nurse identify that would indicate a violation of the client’s rights?

The physician orders mefoxin (Cefoxitin) 800 mg IV Q 8 hours. To reconstitute the medications the instructions state to add 7.5 mL of NSS for a total of 8 mL with each mL containing 250 mg. How many millilitres will be given?

Which significant change in the treatment of people with mental illness occurred in the 1950s?

Which of the following is true regarding mental health and mental illness?