The nurse performing a focused assessment on pain will assess: (Select all that apply.).

Choice C rationale:
The most crucial instruction regarding the safety of fentanyl patches is to apply them as directed by the primary care provider. Fentanyl is a potent opioid medication, and its misuse or improper application can lead to serious health risks, including overdose. Therefore, following the prescriber's instructions is of utmost importance to ensure the patient's safety.
Choice A rationale:
Storing fentanyl patches in a locked cabinet is a good practice to prevent unauthorized access and to keep them out of reach of children or individuals who should not have access to the medication. However, it is not the most critical safety instruction. Proper application and usage are more important.
Choice B rationale:
While preparing the skin by cleaning with an antiseptic scrub solution is a necessary step when applying a transdermal medication like a fentanyl patch, it is not the most critical safety instruction. It is a standard part of the application process but does not address the overarching safety concerns related to fentanyl use.
Choice D rationale:
Using fentanyl patches as needed for breakthrough pain without clear guidance from a healthcare provider is not a safe practice. Fentanyl is a potent medication with a high risk of overdose, and its use should always be closely monitored and directed by a healthcare professional. Self-adjusting the dosage without medical supervision can lead to serious safety issues.

Choice A rationale:

Decreased respirations and a rapid heart rate are not indicative of stage 3 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In stage 3, respirations are typically slow and regular, and the heart rate is slower than during wakefulness.

Choice B rationale:

Rapid respirations and a rapid heart rate are indicative of stage 3 of NREM sleep. During this stage, respiration and heart rate are more irregular compared to the earlier stages of sleep. This stage is characterized by increased physiological arousal compared to stages 1 and 2.

Choice C rationale:

Rapid respirations and a slow heart rate do not represent stage 3 of NREM sleep. In this stage, respiration tends to be rapid, and the heart rate, while slower than during wakefulness, is not slow.

Choice D rationale:

Decreased respirations and a slow heart rate are not consistent with stage 3 of NREM sleep. This stage is associated with more active and variable physiological processes, including rapid respirations and a relatively higher heart rate compared to later sleep stages.