The nurse notes a break in the skin, which appears blister-like, it looks superficial with loss up to the dermis layer. The nurse would interpret this finding as indicating which stage of pressure ulcer.
Stage I
Stage III
Stage IV
Stage II
The Correct Answer is D
Stage I: Stage I pressure ulcers are characterized by non-blanchable erythema of intact skin. There is no break in the skin, but it may appear red and warm to the touch. It is considered the mildest form of pressure injury, signaling the beginning of potential skin damage.
B) Stage III: Stage III pressure ulcers involve full-thickness skin loss. This means that the damage extends through the dermis into the subcutaneous tissue. There may be visible fat, but bone, tendon, and muscle are not exposed. These ulcers are deeper and more serious than the scenario described.
C) Stage IV: Stage IV pressure ulcers are the most severe and involve full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle. The presence of slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed, and these ulcers are deep, often with extensive damage and infection.
D) Stage II: Stage II pressure ulcers are characterized by partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and/or dermis. They present as shallow, open ulcers with a red-pink wound bed, without slough. They may also appear as intact or open/ruptured serum-filled blisters, which matches the description given in the scenario. This stage represents a more significant injury than Stage I but does not extend into the deeper layers of skin and tissue as in Stage III and IV.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Size:
When assessing lymph nodes, noting the size is crucial as enlarged lymph nodes can indicate infection, inflammation, or malignancy. Size helps in determining the extent and severity of the underlying condition.
B) Consistency:
The consistency of lymph nodes (whether they are hard, rubbery, or soft) provides important diagnostic information. For instance, hard lymph nodes may suggest malignancy, while soft nodes might indicate an infection.
C) Shape:
Recording the shape of lymph nodes is essential in the assessment process. Regular, oval, or round shapes can be normal, while irregularly shaped nodes might be concerning and warrant further investigation.
D) Color:
Color is not typically assessed or noted when examining lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are internal structures, and their color cannot be directly observed without invasive procedures. The focus is usually on palpable characteristics like size, consistency, and shape.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
(a) Diarrhea: Diarrhea is an abnormal gastrointestinal response characterized by frequent, loose, or watery stools. It can be caused by infections, medications, or underlying gastrointestinal disorders. Pallor, or paleness of the skin, typically does not directly lead to diarrhea unless there are specific underlying conditions affecting both circulation and gastrointestinal function.
(b) Diaphoresis: Diaphoresis refers to excessive sweating, which can occur due to sympathetic nervous system activation, fever, or anxiety. While diaphoresis may be associated with conditions causing increased sympathetic activity, it is not directly related to pallor, which indicates reduced blood flow to the skin.
(c) Fainting: Pallor is often a sign of decreased blood flow to the skin, indicating potential hypoperfusion. If severe, this reduced circulation can lead to fainting (syncope) due to inadequate blood supply to the brain. Therefore, after noting pallor, the nurse should be prepared to manage the client for potential fainting episodes by ensuring safety and providing appropriate interventions.
(d) Vomiting: Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth and can be caused by various factors such as gastrointestinal irritation, infection, or systemic illnesses. Pallor does not directly cause vomiting, although severe systemic conditions affecting circulation could potentially lead to nausea and vomiting as part of a broader clinical picture.
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