The nurse knows which of the following types of angina is most closely related with an impending myocardial infarction (MI)?

Unstable

Variant

Chronic stable

Nocturnal

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Unstable:
Unstable angina is the type of angina most closely related to an impending myocardial infarction (MI). It is characterized by unpredictable chest pain that occurs at rest or with minimal exertion, or that increases in severity or frequency. Unstable angina represents a medical emergency and can progress to an MI if not promptly treated. It occurs when there is increased myocardial oxygen demand and a partially occluded coronary artery, often due to a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque.

B) Variant (Prinzmetal's) angina:
Variant angina, also known as Prinzmetal's angina, is caused by a spasm of the coronary artery, which temporarily narrows or obstructs blood flow. Although it can be severe and may occur at rest, it is typically transient and is not directly related to the development of an MI. Variant angina usually responds to medications such as nitrates or calcium channel blockers, and while it can be dangerous, it is not the most likely type of angina associated with a myocardial infarction.

C) Chronic stable angina:
Chronic stable angina occurs with predictable patterns, typically with exertion or stress, and resolves with rest or nitroglycerin. It does not usually indicate an impending MI, as it is a chronic condition caused by atherosclerosis that limits the heart's blood supply under stress. While chronic stable angina increases the risk of MI over time, it is not directly associated with an imminent heart attack.

D) Nocturnal angina:
Nocturnal angina refers to chest pain that occurs during the night or early morning hours, often during sleep. It may be associated with sleep apnea, GERD, or increased sympathetic tone during sleep. This type of angina is less commonly linked to an impending MI compared to unstable angina, although it should still be evaluated for any underlying cardiovascular issues.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Start fluid resuscitation and prepare for transport to a Burn Center:
In this case, the patient has burns that cover 27% of the total body surface area (TBSA), which falls within the moderate to severe range for burn injuries. Fluid resuscitation is critical to prevent hypovolemic shock, a common complication of severe burns due to fluid loss. The "rule of nines" or Lund-Browder chart can be used to calculate the amount of fluids needed. The patient should also be prepared for transport to a specialized burn center, where advanced care can be provided for wound management, infection prevention, and long-term rehabilitation.

B) Apply petroleum-based antibiotic cream to the affected areas:
Although topical antibiotics are an essential part of burn care to prevent infection, petroleum-based ointments are typically not recommended in the emergent phase of burn management. Applying such creams could potentially trap heat and cause further tissue damage, and petroleum-based products can be occlusive, which may interfere with wound healing.
C) Cover the burns with saline-soaked gauze and medicated ointment:
While it is important to keep burns covered to prevent infection, the use of saline-soaked gauze and medicated ointments are more appropriate after initial fluid resuscitation and stabilization of the patient. Immediate burn care focuses on preventing further injury and initiating fluid resuscitation. Saline-soaked gauze is typically used in a controlled setting, like in a burn unit, and the patient's wounds should not be excessively covered with ointment during the emergent phase.

D) Clean the wounds with soap and room temperature water:
In burn management, cleaning the wounds with soap and water can disrupt the skin's protective barrier, particularly in the emergent phase. It is important to gently clean the wounds with sterile saline or an antiseptic solution and avoid harsh cleansers. Soap and water might cause irritation, exacerbate pain, and increase the risk of infection. The focus should be on stabilizing the patient and initiating proper wound management with sterile techniques.

Correct Answer is ["13.7"]

Explanation

Given:

Ordered dose of Furosemide: 1 mg/kg

Patient weight: 121 lbs

Concentration of Furosemide: 40 mg/10 mL (4 mg/mL)

Step 1: Convert patient weight from pounds to kilograms:

1 pound (lb) = 0.453592 kilograms (kg)

Patient weight in kg = 121 lbs x 0.453592 kg/lb = 54.877832 kg

Step 2: Calculate the total dose of Furosemide:

Total dose (mg) = Ordered dose (mg/kg) x Patient weight (kg)

Total dose (mg) = 1 mg/kg x 54.877832 kg

Total dose (mg) = 54.877832 mg

Step 3: Calculate the volume to be administered:

Volume (mL) = Total dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL)

Volume (mL) = 54.877832 mg / 4 mg/mL

Volume (mL) = 13.719458 mL

Step 4: Round to the nearest tenth:

Volume (mL) ≈ 13.7 mL

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The nurse knows which of the following types of angina is most closely related with an impending myocardial infarction (MI)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient is ordered 1 mg/kg of furosemide IV push. The patient weights 121 lbs. The medication is supplied 40 mg/10 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (round to the nearest tenth)

Correct Answer is ["13.7"]

Explanation

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