The nurse is working in the intensive care unit and has just received lab results for her patients. Which of the following are considered electrolyte imbalances? (Select all That Apply)
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
Hyponatremia
Correct Answer : A,B,E
These are all electrolyte imbalances. Hyperkalaemia is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. Hypocalcaemia is a low level of calcium in the blood. Hyponatremia is a low level of sodium in the blood. Thrombocytopenia and anemia are not electrolyte imbalances. Thrombocytopenia is a low platelet count and anemia is a low red blood cell count or low hemoglobin levels.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Respiratory acidosis.
COPD is a chronic lung disease that can lead to an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body. This can cause respiratory acidosis, a condition in which the blood pH is lower than normal due to an excess of CO2.
In respiratory acidosis, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the blood is increased and the pH is decreased. The kidneys atempt to compensate for the acidosis by excreting more acid in the urine and retaining more bicarbonate, but this compensation is usually not enough to fully correct the problem.
Metabolic alkalosis (option B) is a condition in which the blood pH is higher than normal due to an excess of bicarbonate in the blood. This is usually caused by loss of acid from the body, such as through vomiting or use of diuretics.
Respiratory alkalosis (option C) is a condition in which the blood pH is higher than normal due to a decrease in PaCO2. This can be caused by hyperventilation, which leads to excessive elimination of CO2 from the lungs.
Metabolic acidosis (option D) is a condition in which the blood pH is lower than normal due to an excess of acid in the blood. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including kidney failure or lactic acidosis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
AB+ blood type is known as the universal recipient because individuals with this blood type have both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells, as well as the Rh antigen. This means that they can receive blood from donors of any ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O) and Rh factor (positive or negative) without experiencing a transfusion reaction.
Therefore, in the case of a patient who will be needing a blood transfusion, if the nurse knows that the patient's blood type is unknown, it is ideal to give them AB+ blood type as it is considered the safest option.
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