The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-year-old boy about the normal maturation of the child’s organs during preschool years and their effect on body functions. Which statements accurately describe these changes? Select all that apply.
Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most children by age 3 years.
The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age.
Heart rate increases and blood pressure decreases slightly during the preschool years, an innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation.
The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature; however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature.
The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average preschooler.
The urethra remains long in both boys and girls, making them more susceptible to urinary tract infections than adults.
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
A. Correct: Myelination of the spinal cord allows for improved bowel and bladder control, typically complete by age 3.
B. Correct: The respiratory system continues to develop, and the number of alveoli increases until around 7 years of age.
C. Incorrect: During preschool years, heart rate decreases and blood pressure increases slightly as the cardiovascular system matures.
D. Correct: The musculoskeletal system continues to develop, but it remains immature, making children prone to injury.
E. Correct: The small intestine grows in length, and bowel movements become more predictable, usually once or twice per day.
F. Incorrect: The urethra is actually shorter in children than in adults, which can contribute to a higher susceptibility to urinary tract infections, especially in girls.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect: Fires are a safety risk but are not the leading cause of adolescent injury.
B. Incorrect: Drowning is a major concern in children but not the leading cause of adolescent injuries.
C. Correct: Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death and injury in adolescents, often due to inexperience, distracted driving, and risk-taking behaviors.
D. Incorrect: Firearm injuries are a serious concern but rank below motor vehicle accidents in overall adolescent injury statistics.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect: Awareness of the opposite sex is associated with later stages of development, particularly adolescence.
B. Incorrect: Performing bedtime routines independently is more related to autonomy, a task associated with toddlerhood.
C. Correct: School-age children develop industry (a sense of competence) by engaging in activities like clubs, sports, and hobbies.
D. Incorrect: Developing a conscience is more characteristic of early childhood (ages 3-6, initiative vs. guilt stage).
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