The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about dietary modifications to reduce fluid retention and improve cardiac function. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to limit or avoid?

Fresh fruits and vegetables

Whole grains and cereals

Lean meats and poultry

Canned soups and sauces.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The nurse should advise the patient with heart failure to limit or avoid canned soups and sauces because they are high in sodium, which can cause fluid retention and worsen cardiac function. Sodium intake should be restricted to less than 2 g per day for patients with heart failure.

Choice A is wrong because fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of potassium, magnesium, and fiber, which are beneficial for heart health. Potassium and magnesium help regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and fiber helps lower cholesterol and blood pressure.

Choice B is wrong because whole grains and cereals are also rich in fiber, as well as complex carbohydrates, which provide energy and prevent rapid fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Whole grains and cereals may also contain phytochemicals that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Choice C is wrong because lean meats and poultry are low in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can contribute to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Lean meats and poultry provide protein, which is essential for tissue repair and wound healing. Protein intake should be adequate but not excessive for patients with heart failure, as too much protein can increase the workload of the kidneys.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is choice B. “I can walk farther without getting tired.” This statement indicates a therapeutic effect of metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker that reduces the heart rate, blood pressure, and the workload of the heart.This helps to improve the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart and other organs, and reduces the symptoms of heart failure such as fatigue, dyspnea, and edema.

Choice A is wrong because “I have less swelling in my ankles.” This statement indicates a possible effect of a diuretic, which is a medication that reduces fluid retention and edema by increasing urine output.Metoprolol does not have a direct diuretic effect, although it may indirectly reduce fluid accumulation by improving cardiac function.

Choice C is wrong because “I don’t have chest pain anymore.” This statement indicates a possible effect of a nitrate, which is a medication that dilates the blood vessels and reduces the oxygen demand of the heart.Metoprolol may also help to prevent or treat angina by lowering the heart rate and blood pressure, but it is not the primary medication for chest pain relief.

Choice D is wrong because “I can breathe better at night.” This statement indicates a possible effect of an oxygen therapy, which is a treatment that delivers supplemental oxygen to the lungs and improves gas exchange.Metoprolol may also help to reduce dyspnea by improving cardiac function and reducing pulmonary congestion, but it is not the primary treatment for respiratory distress.

A. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication. B. Monitor your blood pressure and pulse regularly. C. Report any swelling in your ankles or feet to your provider. D. Do not stop taking this medication abruptly. E. Chew or crush the sustained-release tablet for faster action.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that lowers blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels and reducing the workload of the heart.

The following instructions should be included in the teaching:

• Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.Alcohol can increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness, flushing, headache, and low blood pressure.

• Monitor your blood pressure and pulse regularly.This will help to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication and detect any abnormal changes.Normal blood pressure for adults is less than 130/80 mm Hg and normal pulse rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute.

• Report any swelling in your ankles or feet to your provider.This can be a sign of fluid retention or heart failure, which are possible complications of nifedipine.

• Do not stop taking this medication abruptly.This can cause a rebound increase in blood pressure and chest pain.The dose should be tapered gradually under the supervision of the provider.

Choice E is wrong because chewing or crushing the sustained-release tablet can cause too much of the drug to be released at once, which can lead to overdose or severe side effects.

The tablet should be swallowed whole with a glass of water.

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The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about dietary modifications to reduce fluid retention and improve cardiac function. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to limit or avoid?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has heart failure and is receiving metoprolol. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a therapeutic effect of the medication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension and is prescribed nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, about self-care measures. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic heart failure who has been prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin). The patient’s apical pulse rate is 58 beats/min. What should the nurse do next?

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A patient with atrial fibrillation has been prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse should monitor which laboratory value to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness?

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