The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about dietary modifications to reduce fluid retention and improve cardiac function. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to limit or avoid?

Fresh fruits and vegetables

Whole grains and cereals

Lean meats and poultry

Canned soups and sauces.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The nurse should advise the patient with heart failure to limit or avoid canned soups and sauces because they are high in sodium, which can cause fluid retention and worsen cardiac function. Sodium intake should be restricted to less than 2 g per day for patients with heart failure.

Choice A is wrong because fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of potassium, magnesium, and fiber, which are beneficial for heart health. Potassium and magnesium help regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and fiber helps lower cholesterol and blood pressure.

Choice B is wrong because whole grains and cereals are also rich in fiber, as well as complex carbohydrates, which provide energy and prevent rapid fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Whole grains and cereals may also contain phytochemicals that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Choice C is wrong because lean meats and poultry are low in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can contribute to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Lean meats and poultry provide protein, which is essential for tissue repair and wound healing. Protein intake should be adequate but not excessive for patients with heart failure, as too much protein can increase the workload of the kidneys.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice B is wrong because “I will eat more green leafy vegetables.” This statement indicates a need for further teaching because green leafy vegetables are high in vitamin K, which can antagonize the effects of warfarin and increase the risk of clotting.The client should be advised to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K and avoid sudden changes in their diet.

Choice A is wrong because using an electric razor for shaving is a safe practice for a client who is receiving warfarin, as it reduces the risk of bleeding from cuts or nicks.

Choice C is wrong because checking stools for blood is an important measure for a client who is receiving warfarin, as it can indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, which is a serious adverse effect of the medication.

Choice D is wrong because having blood drawn regularly is necessary for a client who is receiving warfarin, as it allows the monitoring of the international normalized ratio (INR), which reflects the degree of anticoagulation and guides the dosage adjustment of the medication.

The normal range for INR for a client who is receiving warfarin is 2 to 3, unless otherwise specified by the provider.

A. Administer diltiazem as ordered by physician B. Instruct patient to change positions slowly C. Notify physician immediately D. Hold diltiazem and notify physician if symptoms persist. E. Hold diltiazem and notify physician if symptoms persist.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because diltiazem (Cardizem) is a calcium channel blocker that lowers blood pressure and can cause orthostatic hypotension, which is a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up from a sitting or lying position. This can lead to dizziness and lightheadedness, which can increase the risk of falls and injuries. Changing positions slowly can help prevent or reduce these symptoms by allowing the body to adjust to the change in blood pressure.

Choice A) Administer diltiazem as ordered by physician is wrong because it does not address the patient’s complaint of dizziness and lightheadedness, which are side effects of the medication.

The nurse should monitor the patient’s blood pressure and heart rate before and after administering diltiazem, and report any abnormal findings to the physician.

Choice C) Notify physician immediately is wrong because it is not necessary to notify the physician immediately for a common and mild side effect of diltiazem, unless the patient has other signs of severe hypotension, such as fainting, chest pain, or confusion.

The nurse should educate the patient about the possible side effects of diltiazem and how to prevent or manage them.

Choice D) Hold diltiazem and notify physician if symptoms persist is wrong because it is not appropriate to hold a prescribed medication without a valid reason or an order from the physician.

Holding diltiazem could cause the patient’s blood pressure to rise and increase the risk of complications from atrial fibrillation, such as stroke or heart failure.

The nurse should administer diltiazem as ordered and monitor the patient’s response.

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The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about dietary modifications to reduce fluid retention and improve cardiac function. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to limit or avoid?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is evaluating a client who has heart failure and is receiving warfarin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with atrial fibrillation who has been prescribed diltiazem (Cardizem). The patient reports feeling dizzy and lightheaded when standing up quickly from a sitting position or when getting out of bed in the morning. What action should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse should monitor which of the following laboratory values to determine therapeutic effectiveness of this medication?

The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic heart failure who has been prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin). The patient’s apical pulse rate is 58 beats/min. What should the nurse do next?

The nurse is caring for a patient with atrial fibrillation who has been prescribed warfarin (Coumadin). The patient’s INR level is 3.5, which is above therapeutic range. What action should the nurse take?

A nurse is planning to administer mannitol to a client who has heart failure and pulmonary edema. Which of the following actions should the nurse take before giving the medication?

A nurse is assessing a client who has heart failure and is receiving metoprolol. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a therapeutic effect of the medication?

A nurse is evaluating a client who has hypertension and is taking lisinopril, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). Which of the following outcomes indicates that the medication is effective?

The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about dietary modifications to reduce fluid retention and improve cardiac function. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to limit or avoid?

A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension and is prescribed nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, about self-care measures. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)