The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about dietary modifications to reduce fluid retention and improve cardiac function. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to limit or avoid?

Fresh fruits and vegetables

Whole grains and cereals

Lean meats and poultry

Canned soups and sauces.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The nurse should advise the patient with heart failure to limit or avoid canned soups and sauces because they are high in sodium, which can cause fluid retention and worsen cardiac function. Sodium intake should be restricted to less than 2 g per day for patients with heart failure.

Choice A is wrong because fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of potassium, magnesium, and fiber, which are beneficial for heart health. Potassium and magnesium help regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and fiber helps lower cholesterol and blood pressure.

Choice B is wrong because whole grains and cereals are also rich in fiber, as well as complex carbohydrates, which provide energy and prevent rapid fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Whole grains and cereals may also contain phytochemicals that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Choice C is wrong because lean meats and poultry are low in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can contribute to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Lean meats and poultry provide protein, which is essential for tissue repair and wound healing. Protein intake should be adequate but not excessive for patients with heart failure, as too much protein can increase the workload of the kidneys.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Diuretics are drugs that increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys, reducing blood volume and blood pressure.Diuretics lower blood pressure by dilating peripheral arterioles and decreasing blood volume by increasing the excretion of sodium and water.

Choice A is wrong because angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do not increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys.ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion.By reducing angiotensin II levels, ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by dilating blood vessels and decreasing sodium and water retention.

Choice C is wrong because adrenergic drugs do not increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys. Adrenergic drugs act on the sympathetic nervous system, which regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and other functions. Depending on the type and location of adrenergic receptors, adrenergic drugs can have different effects on blood pressure. Some adrenergic drugs can increase blood pressure by stimulating alpha receptors, which cause vasoconstriction.Other adrenergic drugs can decrease blood pressure by stimulating beta receptors, which cause vasodilation and decreased cardiac output.

Choice D is wrong because direct acting vasodilators do not increase the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys. Direct acting vasodilators are drugs that relax the smooth muscle of blood vessels, causing them to widen and lower blood pressure.Direct acting vasodilators do not affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or the sympathetic nervous system, which regulate sodium and water balance.

A. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication. B. Monitor your blood pressure and pulse regularly. C. Report any swelling in your ankles or feet to your provider. D. Do not stop taking this medication abruptly. E. Chew or crush the sustained-release tablet for faster action.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that lowers blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels and reducing the workload of the heart.

The following instructions should be included in the teaching:

• Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.Alcohol can increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness, flushing, headache, and low blood pressure.

• Monitor your blood pressure and pulse regularly.This will help to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication and detect any abnormal changes.Normal blood pressure for adults is less than 130/80 mm Hg and normal pulse rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute.

• Report any swelling in your ankles or feet to your provider.This can be a sign of fluid retention or heart failure, which are possible complications of nifedipine.

• Do not stop taking this medication abruptly.This can cause a rebound increase in blood pressure and chest pain.The dose should be tapered gradually under the supervision of the provider.

Choice E is wrong because chewing or crushing the sustained-release tablet can cause too much of the drug to be released at once, which can lead to overdose or severe side effects.

The tablet should be swallowed whole with a glass of water.

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The nurse is teaching a patient with heart failure about dietary modifications to reduce fluid retention and improve cardiac function. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to limit or avoid?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which drug increases the excretion of water and sodium by the kidneys, reducing blood volume and blood pressure?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension and is prescribed nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, about self-care measures. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

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